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Equity and debt financing represent the total financing of companies and other legal entities (such as local authorities). They provide information on the origin of the financing funds, which in the case of equity financing come from the shareholders or from the company itself (retention of earnings and depreciation and amortization) and in the case of debt financing from creditors or from the ...
In corporate finance, the pecking order theory (or pecking order model) postulates that [1] "firms prefer to finance their investments internally, using retained earnings, before turning to external sources of financing such as debt or equity" - i.e. there is a "pecking order" when it comes to financing decisions.
"Portfolio Selection", Journal of Finance, 7 (1), 1952, 77–91. Description: Development of the utility framework which shows an optimum can be reached using a portfolio of investments. In effect the first real proof that you should not put all your eggs in one basket. Importance: Precursor to most modern portfolio theory work in finance.
Entrepreneurial finance is the study of value and resource allocation, applied to new ventures.It addresses key questions which challenge all entrepreneurs: how much money can and should be raised; when should it be raised and from whom; what is a reasonable valuation of the startup; and how should funding contracts and exit decisions be structured.
External commercial borrowing (ECBs) are loans in India made by non-resident lenders in foreign currency to Indian borrowers. They are used widely in India to facilitate access to foreign money by Indian corporations and PSUs ( public sector undertakings).
Environmental accounting is a subset of accounting proper, its target being to incorporate both economic and environmental information. It can be conducted at the corporate level or at the level of a national economy through the System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting, a satellite system to the National Accounts of Countries (among other things, the National Accounts produce ...
Redistribution of income and wealth is the transfer of income and wealth (including physical property) from some individuals to others through a social mechanism such as taxation, welfare, public services, land reform, monetary policies, confiscation, divorce or tort law. [1]
This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources . Find sources: "Institute for Fiscal Studies" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( March 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message )
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