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Stress is often reinforced by allophonic vowel length, especially when it is lexical. For example, French long vowels are always in stressed syllables. Finnish, a language with two phonemic lengths, indicates the stress by adding allophonic length, which gives four distinctive lengths and five physical lengths: short and long stressed vowels, short and long unstressed vowels, and a half-long ...
The long i could also be used to indicate the semivowel [j], e.g. IVSTVS or CVIIVS , [2] the latter also CVIVS , pronounced [ˈjus̠tus̠, ˈkujːus̠]. It was also used to write a close allophone [i] of the short i phoneme, used before another vowel, as in CLAVDIO , representing [ˈklau̯.di.oː]. [3]
This chart provides audio examples for phonetic vowel symbols. The symbols shown include those in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and added material. The chart is based on the official IPA vowel chart.
Until the 17th century, words like happy could end with the vowel of my (originally [iː], but it was diphthongised in the Great Vowel Shift), which alternated with a short i sound. (Many words spelt -ee, -ea, -ey once had the vowel of day; there is still alternation between that vowel and the happy vowel in words such as Sunday and Monday ...
The languages that distinguish between different lengths have usually long and short sounds. The Mixe languages are widely considered to have three distinctive levels of vowel length, [ 1 ] as do Estonian , some Low German varieties in the vicinity of Hamburg [ 2 ] and some Moselle Franconian [ 3 ] and Ripuarian Franconian varieties.
English short vowels are all transcribed by a single letter in the IPA. Because English short vowels a e i o u are closer to the Classical pronunciation (still found in Spanish and Italian) than the long vowels are, it is the short vowels which are transcribed with IPA letters which resemble the English letters a e i o u.
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Allen and Greenough say that a vowel before [ŋn] is always long, [19] but W. Sidney Allen says that is based on an interpolation in Priscian, and the vowel was actually long or short depending on the root, as for example rēgnum from the root of rēx but magnus from the root of magis. [20] /