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Diagnosis of blepharospasm has been enhanced by the proposal of objective diagnostic criteria that start from "stereotyped, bilateral and synchronous orbicularis oculi spasms" and proceed to the identification of a "sensory trick" or "increased blinking". [38]
The orbicularis oris is not a simple sphincter muscle like the orbicularis oculi; it consists of numerous strata of muscular fibers surrounding the orifice of the mouth, but having different direction. It consists partly of fibers derived from the other facial muscles which are inserted into the lips, and partly of fibers proper to the lips.
General anaesthesia reduces the tonic contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle, causing lagophthalmos i.e. the eyelids do not close fully in 59% of patients. [3] In addition, general anaesthesia reduces tear production and tear-film stability, resulting in corneal epithelial drying and reduced lysosomal protection.
Botulinum toxin injected into the pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle has been shown to be beneficial in some cases associated with orbicularis oculi contraction or blepharospasm. [ 22 ] [ 23 ] Levodopa has been reported to improve symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy.
The orbicularis oculi is a muscle in the face that closes the eyelids. It arises from the nasal part of the frontal bone , from the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove , and from the anterior surface and borders of a short fibrous band, the medial palpebral ligament .
Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a rare neuromuscular disease characterized by irregular, involuntary muscle contractions on one side (hemi-) of the face (-facial). [1] The facial muscles are controlled by the facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve), which originates at the brainstem and exits the skull below the ear where it separates into five main branches.
Satchmo's syndrome is a disorder due to the rupture of orbicularis oris muscle in trumpet players. [1] This syndrome is named after the nickname of Louis Armstrong , the trumpet player from New Orleans , because apparently it fits with the symptoms he experienced in 1935.
The high price for prescription devices has led to a proliferation of lower cost non-prescription devices that are unproven and some sleep specialists suggest may be dangerous. [16] Adherence to oral appliance is strongly associated with patient reservations regarding the effects of the device on teeth, possible lack of efficacy, and discomfort ...