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The earliest manifestation of student development theory—or tradition—in Europe was in loco parentis. [7] Loosely translated, this concept refers to the manner in which children's schools acted on behalf of and in partnership with parents for the moral and ethical development and improvement of students' character development.
The following table summarizes the main theoretical frameworks behind almost all the theoretical and research work, and the instructional practices in education (one of them being, of course, the practice of assessment). These different frameworks have given rise to interesting debates among scholars.
Originating in the United States in the late 1970s, instructional theory is influenced by three basic theories in educational thought: behaviorism, the theory that helps us understand how people conform to predetermined standards; cognitivism, the theory that learning occurs through mental associations; and constructivism, the theory explores the value of human activity as a critical function ...
An example of the hugging strategy is when a student practices teaching a lesson or when a student role plays with another student. These examples encourage critical thinking that engages the student and helps them understand what they are learning—one of the goals of transfer of learning [24] and desirable difficulties.
Page:Guidelines for Open Educational Resources (OER) in Higher Education.pdf/29 Usage on pt.wikibooks.org Educação Aberta em cena: propostas estratégicas para criação de políticas de REA na EaD/Educação Aberta e Recursos Educacionais Abertos: conceito características
Outcome-based education or outcomes-based education (OBE) is an educational theory that bases each part of an educational system around goals (outcomes). By the end of the educational experience, each student should have achieved the goal.
A curriculum framework is part of an outcome-based education or standards based education reform design. The framework is the second step, defining clear, high standards which will be achieved by all students. The curriculum is then aligned to the standards, and students are assessed against the standards.
[7] [8] bell hooks applies a feminist perspective to critical pedagogy [9] [10] and Ira Shor, for example, advocates for the need of moving the theoretical framework of critical pedagogy to a more practical one. [3] [11] The influential works of Freire made him arguably the most celebrated critical educator. He seldom used the term "critical ...