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In a number of languages, including most varieties of English, the phoneme /l/ becomes velarized ("dark l") in certain contexts. By contrast, the non-velarized form is the "clear l" (also known as: "light l"), which occurs before and between vowels in certain English standards. [1] Some languages have only clear l. [2]
The symbol [ɬ] is called "belted l" and is distinct from "l with tilde", [ɫ], which transcribes a different sound – the velarized (or pharynɡealized) alveolar lateral approximant, often called "dark L". [1] Some scholars also posit the voiceless alveolar lateral approximant distinct from the fricative. [2]
A common example of a velarized consonant is the velarized alveolar lateral approximant (or "dark L"). In some accents of English, such as Received Pronunciation and arguably General American English, the phoneme /l/ has "dark" and "light" allophones: the "dark", velarized allophone [ɫ] appears in syllable coda position (e.g. in full), while the "light", non-velarized allophone [l] appears in ...
An example of a lateral consonant is the English L, as in Larry. Lateral consonants contrast with central consonants , in which the airstream flows through the center of the mouth. For the most common laterals, the tip of the tongue makes contact with the upper teeth (see dental consonant ) or the upper gum (see alveolar consonant ), but there ...
More extensive L-vocalization is a notable feature of certain dialects of English, including Cockney, Estuary English, New York English, New Zealand English, Pittsburgh English, Philadelphia English and Australian English, in which an /l/ sound occurring at the end of a word (but usually not when the next word begins with a vowel and is pronounced without a pause) or before a consonant is ...
The voiced velar lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used as a distinct consonant in a very small number [1] of spoken languages in the world. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʟ , a small capital version of the Latin letter l (since 1989), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is L\.
The first optical answer sheets were read by shining a light through the sheet and measuring how much of the light was blocked using phototubes on the opposite side. [11] As some phototubes are mostly sensitive to the blue end of the visible spectrum , [ 12 ] blue pens could not be used, as blue inks reflect and transmit blue light.
Some lists of common words distinguish between word forms, while others rank all forms of a word as a single lexeme (the form of the word as it would appear in a dictionary). For example, the lexeme be (as in to be) comprises all its conjugations (is, was, am, are, were, etc.), and contractions of those conjugations. [5]