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The germ theory was not yet established (Louis Pasteur proposed it in 1861). Snow did not understand the mechanism by which disease was transmitted, but the evidence led him to believe that it was not foul air. Based on the pattern of illness among residents, he hypothesized that cholera was spread by an agent in contaminated water. [7]
A representation by Robert Seymour of the cholera epidemic depicts the spread of the disease in the form of poisonous air.. The miasma theory was the predominant theory of disease transmission before the germ theory took hold towards the end of the 19th century; it is no longer accepted as a correct explanation for disease by the scientific community.
It spread to Hungary, Germany and Egypt in 1831, [20] and London, Paris, Quebec, Ontario and New York City the following year. [16] [21] Cholera reached the Pacific coast of North America by 1834, reaching into the center of the country by steamboat and other river traffic. [22] The third cholera pandemic began in 1846 and lasted until 1860. It ...
Egyptː 1883 Cholera epidemic in Cairo. In late June 1883, the first cases of cholera in Egypt, recently occupied by the British Empire in 1882, occurred in the port city of Damietta on the Mediterranean coast and rapidly spread in the Nile Delta and throughout the country in the summer and autumn, [26] "notwithstanding cordons maintained with a degree of severity and cruelty almost unexampled ...
This began the path to germ specificity within the theory. [49] Louis Pasteur's contemporary Robert Koch devoted much of his scientific study to discovering certain pathogens and connecting them to specific diseases. These scientists were often in competition with one another and so the Koch-Pasteur rivalry is a well-known part of germ theory's ...
It was one of the first large-scale biological weapon trials that would be conducted under a "germ warfare testing program" that went on for 20 years, from 1949 to 1969.
Robert Hermann Koch (11 December 1843 – 27 May 1910) was a German physician who developed Koch's postulates. [1]Koch's postulates (/ k ɒ x / KOKH) [2] are four criteria designed to establish a causal relationship between a microbe and a disease.
The older theory of contagion said that germs spread disease, but this theory was increasingly out of fashion by the 1840s or 1850s for two reasons. [ 92 ] On the one hand it predicted too much— microscopes demonstrated so many various microorganisms that there was no particular reason to associate any one of them with a specific disease.