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A representation by Robert Seymour of the cholera epidemic depicts the spread of the disease in the form of poisonous air.. The miasma theory was the predominant theory of disease transmission before the germ theory took hold towards the end of the 19th century; it is no longer accepted as a correct explanation for disease by the scientific community.
Infant, Perinatal, Maternal, and Childhood Mortality in the United States (Harvard UP, 1968) online ppp.223-267 on public health programs. Smith. Susan Lynn. Sick and Tired of Being Sick and Tired Black Women's Health Activism in America, 1890-1950 (U Pennsylvania Press, 1995) Starr, Paul.
Snow's maps were a powerful confirmation of the Germ theory of disease, and explained how the germs spread. Doctors could now discard the old airborne " Miasma theory ". [ 24 ] [ 25 ] Snow's great discovery decisively influenced public health policies and quickly led to the construction of improved sanitation facilities.
Epidemics of the 19th century were faced without the medical advances that made 20th-century epidemics much rarer and less lethal. Micro-organisms (viruses and bacteria) had been discovered in the 18th century, but it was not until the late 19th century that the experiments of Lazzaro Spallanzani and Louis Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation conclusively, allowing germ theory and Robert ...
This began the path to germ specificity within the theory. [49] Louis Pasteur's contemporary Robert Koch devoted much of his scientific study to discovering certain pathogens and connecting them to specific diseases. These scientists were often in competition with one another and so the Koch-Pasteur rivalry is a well-known part of germ theory's ...
EgyptĖ 1883 Cholera epidemic in Cairo. In late June 1883, the first cases of cholera in Egypt, recently occupied by the British Empire in 1882, occurred in the port city of Damietta on the Mediterranean coast and rapidly spread in the Nile Delta and throughout the country in the summer and autumn, [26] "notwithstanding cordons maintained with a degree of severity and cruelty almost unexampled ...
Basing its sanitation beliefs on miasma theory (as opposed to germ theory), [2] its agenda was based on the construction of sewage systems, street-paving, and the provision of clean water. [1] The movement spread to the United States in the 1840s, reaching its peak in 1880 before declining in the 1890s. [3]
In contrast, the germ theory held that the principal cause of cholera was a germ cell that had not yet been identified. Snow theorised that this unknown germ was transmitted from person to person by individuals ingesting water. John Simon, a pathologist and the lead medical officer for London, labelled Snow's germ theory as "peculiar". [6]