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The use of tardigrades in space, first proposed in 1964 because of their extreme tolerance to radiation, began in 2007 with the FOTON-M3 mission in low Earth orbit, where they were exposed to space's vacuum for 10 days, and reanimated, just by rehydration, back on Earth. In 2011, tardigrades were on board the International Space Station on STS-134.
[34] [35] The name water bear comes from the way they walk, reminiscent of a bear's gait. The name Tardigrada means 'slow walker' and was given by Lazzaro Spallanzani in 1776. [ 36 ] [ 11 ] In 1834, C.A.S. Schulze gave the first formal description of a tardigrade, Macrobiotus hufelandi , in a work subtitled "a new animal from the crustacean ...
The current Venusian atmosphere has only ~200 mg/kg H 2 O(g) in its atmosphere and the pressure and temperature regime makes water unstable on its surface. Nevertheless, assuming that early Venus's H 2 O had a ratio between deuterium (heavy hydrogen, 2H) and hydrogen (1H) similar to Earth's Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water of 1.6×10 −4, [7] the current D/H ratio in the Venusian atmosphere ...
K-type main-sequence stars, also known as orange dwarfs, may be candidates for supporting extraterrestrial life.These stars are known as "Goldilocks stars" as they emit enough radiation in the non-UV ray spectrum [1] to provide a temperature that allows liquid water to exist on the surface of a planet; they also remain stable in the main sequence longer than the Sun by burning their hydrogen ...
Water is a fundamental element for the biochemistry of all known living beings. Although some areas of Earth such as deserts are dryer than others, their local lifeforms are adapted to make efficient use of the scarce available water. No known lifeform can live completely without water.
According to Lunine, "oceans" have been defined as "stable, globe-girdling bodies of liquid water." [13] In addition, "Ocean worlds is the label given to objects in the solar system that host stable, globe-girdling bodies of liquid water," in contrast to the terms "'ocean planet' and 'water world', both of which refer to exoplanets (planets orbiting other stars) with substantial mass fractions ...
In cosmology, the anthropic principle, also known as the observation selection effect, is the proposition that the range of possible observations that could be made about the universe is limited by the fact that observations are possible only in the type of universe that is capable of developing intelligent life.
The presence of a wide range of organic compounds and ammonia indicates their source may be similar to the water/rock reactions known to occur on Earth and that are known to support life. [160] Therefore, several robotic missions have been proposed to further explore Enceladus and assess its habitability.