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In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period (interbellum) lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days) – from the end of World War I (WWI) to the beginning of World War II (WWII). It was relatively short, yet featured many social, political, military, and economic changes throughout the world.
The main causes of World War I, which broke out unexpectedly in central Europe in summer 1914, included many factors, such as the conflicts and hostility of the four decades leading up to the war. Militarism, alliances, imperialism, and ethnic nationalism played major roles.
Wilson called for neutrality in thought and deed, while Roosevelt made it clear his administration strongly favored Britain and China. Unlike the loans in World War I, the United States made large-scale grants of military and economic aid to the Allies through Lend-Lease, with little expectation of repayment. Wilson did not greatly expand war ...
There were no great wars in the 1920s. There were a few small wars on the periphery that generally ended by 1922 and did not threaten to escalate. The exceptions included the Russian Civil War of 1917–1922, Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1921, the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922, and some civil wars, such as in Ireland.
World War I: 1917–1918 Roaring Twenties: 1918–1929 Great Depression: 1929–1941 World War II: 1941–1945: 1945–1964 Post-World War II Era: 1945–1964 Civil Rights Era: 1954–1968: 1964–1980 Civil Rights Era: 1954–1968 Vietnam War: 1964–1975: 1980–1991 Reagan Era: 1981–1991: 1991–2008
Following World War I, the British maintained occupation of the Middle East, most notably Turkey and portions of formerly Ottoman territory following the empire's collapse. [82] The occupation led to rapid industrialization, which resulted in the discovery of crude oil in Persia in 1908, sparking a boom in the Middle Eastern economy.
Nothing less than war: a new history of America's entry into World War I (UP of Kentucky, 2011). Doerries, Reinhard R. Imperial Challenge: Ambassador Count Bernstorff and German-American Relations, 1908-1917 (1989). Epstein, Katherine C. “The Conundrum of American Power in the Age of World War I,” Modern American History (2019): 1-21.
Trask, David F ed. World War I at home; readings on American life, 1914-1920 (1969) primary sources online; Tucker, Spencer C., and Priscilla Mary Roberts, eds. The Encyclopedia of World War I: A Political, Social, and Military History (5 vol. 2005). worldwide coverage; Van Ells, Mark D. America and World War I: A Traveler's Guide (2014) excerpt