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  2. Liquid nitrogen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_nitrogen

    The temperature of liquid nitrogen can readily be reduced to its freezing point −210 °C (−346 °F; 63 K) by placing it in a vacuum chamber pumped by a vacuum pump. [2] Liquid nitrogen's efficiency as a coolant is limited by the fact that it boils immediately on contact with a warmer object, enveloping the object in an insulating layer of ...

  3. Conversion of scales of temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_of_scales_of...

    Converting units of temperature differences (also referred to as temperature deltas) is not the same as converting absolute temperature values, and different formulae must be used. To convert a delta temperature from degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius, the formula is {Δ T } °F = ⁠ 9 / 5 ⁠ {Δ T } °C .

  4. Cooling bath - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_bath

    A cooling bath or ice bath, in laboratory chemistry practice, is a liquid mixture which is used to maintain low temperatures, typically between 13 °C and −196 °C. These low temperatures are used to collect liquids after distillation , to remove solvents using a rotary evaporator , or to perform a chemical reaction below room temperature ...

  5. List of cooling baths - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cooling_baths

    Liquid N 2: Ethyl Acetate-84 Liquid N 2: n-Butanol-89 Liquid N 2: Hexane-94 Liquid N 2: Acetone-94 Liquid N 2: Toluene-95 Liquid N 2: Methanol-98 Liquid N 2: Cyclohexene-104 Liquid N 2: Isooctane-107 Liquid N 2: Ethyl iodide-109 Liquid N 2: Carbon disulfide-110 Liquid N 2: Butyl bromide-112 Liquid N 2: Ethanol-116 Liquid N 2: Ethyl bromide-119 ...

  6. Heats of vaporization of the elements (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heats_of_vaporization_of...

    7 N nitrogen (N 2) use (N 2) 5.57 CRC (N 2) 5.57 LNG ... Values refer to the enthalpy change in the conversion of liquid to gas at the boiling point (normal, 101.325 ...

  7. Cryogenics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryogenics

    Nitrogen is a liquid under −195.8 °C (77.3 K).. In physics, cryogenics is the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures.. The 13th International Institute of Refrigeration's (IIR) International Congress of Refrigeration (held in Washington, DC in 1971) endorsed a universal definition of "cryogenics" and "cryogenic" by accepting a threshold of 120 K (−153 °C) to ...

  8. Table of specific heat capacities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_specific_heat...

    A Assuming an altitude of 194 metres above mean sea level (the worldwide median altitude of human habitation), an indoor temperature of 23 °C, a dewpoint of 9 °C (40.85% relative humidity), and 760 mmHg sea level–corrected barometric pressure (molar water vapor content = 1.16%).

  9. Rankine scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankine_scale

    Similar to the Kelvin scale, which was first proposed in 1848, [1] zero on the Rankine scale is absolute zero, but a temperature difference of one Rankine degree (°R or °Ra) is defined as equal to one Fahrenheit degree, rather than the Celsius degree used on the Kelvin scale.