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Manganese oxide is any of a variety of manganese oxides and hydroxides. [1] These include Manganese(II) oxide, MnO; Manganese(II,III) oxide, Mn 3 O 4; Manganese(III) oxide, Mn 2 O 3; Manganese dioxide, MnO 2; Manganese(VI) oxide, MnO 3; Manganese(VII) oxide, Mn 2 O 7; Other manganese oxides include Mn 5 O 8, Mn 7 O 12 and Mn 7 O 13.
Manganese(VII) oxide (manganese heptoxide) is an inorganic compound with the formula Mn 2 O 7. Manganese heptoxide is a volatile liquid with an oily consistency. It is a highly reactive and powerful oxidizer that reacts explosively with nearly any organic compound. It was first described in 1860. [1] It is the acid anhydride of permanganic acid.
Manganese(II) hydroxide precipitates as a solid when an alkali metal hydroxide is added to an aqueous solution of Mn 2+ salt: [3] Mn 2+ + 2 NaOH → Mn(OH) 2 + 2 Na + Manganese(II) hydroxide oxidises readily in air, as indicated by darkening of samples. The compound adopts the brucite structure, as do several other metal dihydroxides.
Manganese is a silvery-gray metal that resembles iron. It is hard and very brittle, difficult to fuse, but easy to oxidize. [11] Manganese and its common ions are paramagnetic. [12] Manganese tarnishes slowly in air and oxidizes ("rusts") like iron in water containing dissolved oxygen. [13]
Manganese(IV) oxide is a blackish or brown solid occurs naturally as the mineral pyrolusite, which is the main ore of manganese and a component of manganese nodules. The principal use for MnO 2 is for dry-cell batteries, such as the alkaline battery and the zinc–carbon battery. [6] Manganese(VII) oxide is dark green in its crystalline form.
In neutral solution, permanganate slowly reduces to manganese dioxide (MnO 2). This is the material that stains one's skin when handling KMnO 4. KMnO 4 reduces in alkaline solution to give green K 2 MnO 4: [75] 4 KMnO 4 + 4 KOH → 4 K 2 MnO 4 + O 2 + 2 H 2 O. This reaction illustrates the relatively rare role of hydroxide as a reducing agent.
4, also known as manganate(VI) because it contains manganese in the +6 oxidation state. [1] Manganates are the only known manganese(VI) compounds. [2] Other manganates include hypomanganate or manganate(V), MnO 3− 4, permanganate or manganate(VII), MnO − 4, and the dimanganate or dimanganate(III) Mn 2 O 6− 6. A manganate(IV) anion MnO 4−
Manganite is a mineral composed of manganese oxide-hydroxide, MnO(OH), crystallizing in the monoclinic system (pseudo-orthorhombic). [3] Crystals of manganite are prismatic and deeply striated parallel to their length; they are often grouped together in bundles. The color is dark steel-grey to iron-black, and the luster brilliant and ...