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The statistical and quantitative character of typologies – like Esping-Anderson's – is argued to decontextualize the development of welfare regimes by neglecting the role of historical factors, diverse political actors, and policymaking processes, thus leading to false assumptions about welfare regimes. [17]
For example, Esping-Anderson notes that, “European conservative regimes have incorporated both liberal and social democratic impulses. Over the decades, they have become less corporatist and less authoritarian.” [22] A lot of the scrutiny which Esping-Anderson's research concluded was due to the legitimacy of what each welfare state ...
Gøsta Esping-Andersen (pronounced [ˈjøstæ ˈespe̝ŋ ˈɑnɐsn̩]; born 24 November 1947) [2] is a Danish sociologist whose primary focus has been on the welfare state and its place in capitalist economies. Jacob Hacker describes him as the "dean of welfare state scholars." [3] Over the past decade his research has moved towards family ...
An Act to make provision for repeals, consequential amendments, transitional and transitory matters and savings in connection with the consolidation of enactments in the Town and Country Planning Act 1990, [a] the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 [b] and the Planning (Hazardous Substances) Act 1990 [c] (including ...
For the years 1970–1980, the average rate of growth was 4.1 percent. This increased to 4.4 percent for the years 1980–1990 and then decreased significantly to an average of 1.9 percent for the period 1990–2000. [13] Reduced growth rates in the latter period occurred amidst a wave of welfare state reforms in the "southern European" states.
Power resource theory is a political theory proposing that variations among welfare states is largely attributable to differing distributions of power between economic classes. It argues that "working class power achieved through organisation by labor unions or left parties, produces more egalitarian distributional outcomes". [1]
December 22, 2021: Capitol Police Emergency Assistance Act of 2021, Pub. L. 117–77 (text) December 23, 2021: Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act, Pub. L. 117–78 (text) December 27, 2021: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022, Pub. L. 117–81 (text)
Welfare capitalism was also used as a way to resist government regulation of markets, independent labor union organizing, and the emergence of a welfare state. Welfare capitalists went to great lengths to quash independent trade union organizing, strikes , and other expressions of labor collectivism—through a combination of violent ...