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  2. Pleistocene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocene

    The Pleistocene (/ ˈ p l aɪ s t ə ˌ s iː n,-s t oʊ-/ PLY-stə-seen, -⁠stoh-; [4] [5] referred to colloquially as the Ice Age) is the geological epoch that lasted from c. 2.58 million to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations.

  3. Great American Interchange - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_American_Interchange

    Generally speaking, however, the dispersal and subsequent explosive adaptive radiation of sigmodontine rodents throughout South America (leading to over 80 currently recognized genera) was vastly more successful (both spatially and by number of species) than any northward migration of South American mammals. Other examples of North American ...

  4. Southern Dispersal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Dispersal

    The southern route dispersal is primarily linked to the Initial Upper Paleolithic expansion of modern humans and "ascribed to a population movement with uniform genetic features and material culture" (Ancient East Eurasians), which was the major source for the peopling of the Asia–Pacific region.

  5. Homo erectus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_erectus

    Homo erectus (/ ˌ h oʊ m oʊ ə ˈ r ɛ k t ə s / lit. ' upright man ') is an extinct species of archaic human from the Pleistocene, spanning nearly 2 million years.It is the first human species to evolve a humanlike body plan and gait, to leave Africa and colonize Asia and Europe, and to wield fire.

  6. Early human migrations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_human_migrations

    They assimilated earlier Pleistocene to early Holocene human overland migrations through Sundaland like the Papuans and the Negritos in Island Southeast Asia. [ 146 ] [ 147 ] The Austronesian expansion was the last and the most far-reaching Neolithic human migration event.

  7. Quaternary glaciation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternary_glaciation

    The dictionary definition of glaciation at Wiktionary Glaciers and Glaciation; Pleistocene Glaciation and Diversion of the Missouri River in Northern Montana Archived 2012-04-15 at the Wayback Machine; Clark, Peter U.; Bartlein, Patrick J. (1995). "Correlation of late Pleistocene glaciation in the western United States with North Atlantic ...

  8. Refugium (population biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugium_(population_biology)

    As the Pleistocene ended, the arid conditions gave way to the present humid rainforest environment, reconnecting the refugia. Scholars have since expanded the idea of this mode of speciation and used it to explain population patterns in other areas of the world, such as Africa , Eurasia , and North America .

  9. Oceanic dispersal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_dispersal

    Oceanic dispersal is a type of biological dispersal that occurs when terrestrial organisms transfer from one land mass to another by way of a sea crossing. Island hopping is the crossing of an ocean by a series of shorter journeys between islands, as opposed to a single journey directly to the destination.