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A miss results in a penalty lap or an added penalty time. The target sizes correspond to those used in biathlon, which means a diameter of 45 mm for prone and 115 mm for standing shooting, which equates to angular sizes of 0.9 mrad and 2.3 mrad respectively. The firearm is usually placed at the firing line during the orienteering part.
The 20 km (12.43 mi) individual race [15 km (9.32 mi) for women] is the oldest biathlon event; the distance is skied over five laps. The biathlete shoots four times at any shooting lane (lanes 1–15 are in prone, while lanes 16–30 are for standing), [ 16 ] in the order of prone, standing, prone, standing, totaling 20 targets.
Anschütz 1827 Fortner is a straight-pull action biathlon rifle designed by Peter Fortner junior and produced in cooperation with J. G. Anschütz. The rifle has been dominant in the sport of biathlon since the late 1980s, and is the current sport standard. It is estimated to be used by 97% of biathlon competitors worldwide. [4]
Biathlon stocks tend to be built for performance, and often have some unique ergonomic design features compared to traditional rifle stocks. One of these features is the shape of the pistol grip, which often has a distinct thumb rest, allowing the thumb of the firing hand to rest pointing upwards.
Beginning at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, women's biathlon debuted with the 15 km individual, 3 × 7.5 km relay (4 × 7.5 km during 1994–2002, and 4 × 6 km in 2006), and 7.5 km sprint. A pursuit race (12.5 km for men and 10 km for women) was included at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City .
Competitors' starts are staggered, normally by 30 seconds. The distance skied is usually 20 kilometres (12.4 mi) with a fixed penalty time of one minute per missed target that is added to the skiing time of the biathlete. In the "Short Individual" the distance is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) with a penalty time of 45 seconds per missed target.
Biathlon stand with 30 firing points; 279 km of runs for cross-country skiing, 125 km of which is for skating and 154 km for classic cross-country skiing; Asphalt roller skiing route with a length of 3.6 km and width of 3 m with variations from 560 m to 4.7 km; FIS-homologated courses for slalom and giant slalom on the Gschwandtkopf [16]
The sport of biathlon combines the skills of cross-country skiing and rifle shooting. Men and women competed in three events. Men and women competed in three events. The biathlon program remained unchanged except for the women's relay distance from 3 x 7.5 km to 4 x 7.5 km.