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The modern dart gun was invented in the 1950s by New Zealander Colin Murdoch. [5] While working with colleagues to study populations of deer and wild goats introduced to New Zealand, he considered that killing the animals to examine them would be unnecessary if a dose of sedative could be administered by projection from afar.
The term sedative describes drugs that serve to calm or relieve anxiety, whereas the term hypnotic describes drugs whose main purpose is to initiate, sustain, or lengthen sleep. Because these two functions frequently overlap, and because drugs in this class generally produce dose-dependent effects (ranging from anxiolysis to loss of ...
Tetrazepam [2] (is marketed under the following brand names, Clinoxan, Epsipam, Myolastan, Musaril, Relaxam and Spasmorelax) is a benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and slightly hypnotic properties.
Compared with the benzodiazepines, the nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics offer little if any advantages in efficacy or tolerability in elderly persons. It was found that newer agents such as the melatonin agonists may be more suitable and effective for the management of chronic insomnia in elderly people.
Somnifacient (from Latin somnus, sleep [1]), also known as sedatives or sleeping pills, is a class of medications that induces sleep. It is mainly used for treatment of insomnia . Examples of somnifacients include benzodiazepines , barbiturates and antihistamines .
NS-2664 is a potent but non-selective partial agonist at GABA A receptors, although with little efficacy at the α1 subtype and more at α2 and α3. It has potent anticonvulsant effects in animal studies, but a relatively short duration of action, and produces little sedative effects or physical dependence. [1]
However, it acts as a negative allosteric modulator at the α 1 subtype, and has little affinity for the α 4 or α 6 subtypes. [1] This gives it selective anxiolytic effects, which are mediated mainly by α 2 and α 3 subtypes, but with little sedative or amnestic effects as these effects are mediated by α 1.
It has anxiolytic effects comparable to chlordiazepoxide, [1] and while it is a less potent anticonvulsant than the related drug NS-2664, it has a much longer duration of action, and similarly to other α2/α3-preferring partial agonists produces little sedative effects or physical dependence. [2]