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Tetracaine is the T in TAC, a mixture of 5 to 12% tetracaine, 0.05% adrenaline, and 4 or 10% cocaine hydrochloride used in ear, nose, and throat surgery and in the emergency department where numbing of the surface is needed rapidly, especially when children have been injured in the eye, ear, or other sensitive locations. [8]
Naphazoline is a medicine used as a decongestant, and a vasoconstrictor added to eye drops to relieve red eye. It has a rapid action in reducing swelling when applied to mucous membranes . It is a sympathomimetic agent with marked alpha adrenergic activity that acts on alpha-receptors in the arterioles of the conjunctiva to produce constriction ...
The Food and Drug Administration recently cautioned consumers against using 27 different kinds of eyedrops — its third eyedrop-related warning this year — leading Americans to question whether ...
A topical anesthetic is a local anesthetic that is used to numb the surface of a body part. They can be used to numb any area of the skin as well as the front of the eyeball, the inside of the nose, ear or throat, the anus and the genital area. [1] Topical anesthetics are available in creams, ointments, aerosols, sprays, lotions, and jellies.
A common side effect during IV administration is reflex bradycardia. [47] The low concentration eye drops do not cause blood pressure changes and the changes with the higher dose drops do not last long. [48] The cardiovascular effects of phenylephrine may be potentiated in people with hypertension. [11]
Serious side effects may include allergic reactions and heart failure. [3] Use is not recommended in those with asthma, a sulfonamide allergy, or a slow heart rate. [3] [7] Dorzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and timolol is a beta blocker. [3] Both work by decreasing the amount of aqueous humor made by the eye. [3]
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The most common side effects are hyperaemia (increased blood flow associated with redness, in 51% of patients) in the conjunctiva, cornea verticillata (drug deposits in the cornea, in 17%), and eye pain (in 17%). All other side effects occur in fewer than 10% of people. Hypersensitivity reactions occur in fewer than 1%. [2] [8]