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In 1948, the DIPS came into effect, when greater control of a pipe's wall thickness was possible. CTS diameter always specifies the outside diameter (OD) of a tube, where pipe diameter specifications only approximate the pipe inside diameter (ID) for sizes of 12 inch or less, and STD wall thickness.
Pipe sizes are documented by a number of standards, including API 5L, ANSI/ASME B36.10M (Table 1) in the US, and BS 1600 and BS 1387 in the United Kingdom. Typically the pipe wall thickness is the controlled variable, and the Inside Diameter (I.D.) is allowed to vary. The pipe wall thickness has a variance of approximately 12.5 percent.
In the United States, it usually has yellow or light orange colored printing, common sizes being 1 + 1 ⁄ 4, 1 + 1 ⁄ 2, and 2-inch copper tube size. Types K and L are generally available in both hard drawn straight sections and in rolls of soft anealed tubing, whereas type M and DWV are usually only available in hard drawn straight sections.
The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association (also known as TEMA) is an association of fabricators of shell and tube type heat exchangers. [1] TEMA has established and maintains a set of construction standards for heat exchangers, known as the TEMA Standard. [ 2 ]
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This is a list of rivers wholly or partly in Pakistan, organised geographically by river basin, from west to east. Tributaries are listed from the mouth to the source. The longest and the largest river in Pakistan is the Indus River. Around two-thirds of water supplied for irrigation and in homes come from the Indus and its associated rivers. [1]
Original file (5,000 × 3,929 pixels, file size: 4.1 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg) This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons . Information from its description page there is shown below.
It is the longest canal of Pakistan. This Canal caters for an area of 2.3 million acres which is nearly equivalent to the entire Sindh area settled on Guddu Barrage alone. 1858 Rohri Canal Sukkur Barrage: Indus: 10,887 2,600,000 Cotton, wheat and sugar-cane are the main crops grown on this canal system. Nasrat Canal (Sada Wah) [7] Sukkur ...