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In the 1930s and 1940s, female College students gradually started to appear unveiled, [15] and most upper- and middle class urban women in Iraq were said to be unveiled by 1963. [17] In Ba'athist Iraq (1968-2003), the Secular Socialist Baath Party women were officially stated to be equal to men, and urban women were normally unveiled.
The roles of women in France have changed throughout history. In 1944, French women obtained women's suffrage . As in other Western countries, the role of women underwent many social and legal changes in the 1960s and 1970s.
Historically, women in the Arab world have played important roles in their societies, including as mothers, educators, and community leaders. However, the status and rights of women have evolved over time and vary greatly across the region due to a combination of cultural, religious, and legal factors.
Gender equality is measured using a framework that evaluates four key areas: political empowerment, educational attainment, health and survival, and economic participation and opportunity. The Global Gender Gap Report, released annually by the World Economic Forum, analyzes these factors to assess the progress towards gender equality.
Feminism in France is the history of feminist thought and movements in France. Feminism in France can be roughly divided into three waves: First-wave feminism from the French Revolution through the Third Republic which was concerned chiefly with suffrage and civic rights for women.
McMillan, James F. France and women, 1789-1914: gender, society and politics (Routledge, 2002) Melzer, Sara E. and Leslie W. Rabine, eds. Rebel Daughters: Women and the French Revolution (Oxford University Press, 1992) online; Outram Dorinda, The Body and the French Revolution: Sex, Class and Political Culture (Yale UP, 1989)
Joan Wallach Scott (born December 18, 1941) [1] is an American historian of France with contributions in gender history. She is a professor emerita in the School of Social Science in the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. Scott is known for her work in feminist history and gender theory, engaging post-structural theory on ...
A Companion to Women's Military History (2012) 625 pp; articles by scholars covering a very wide range of topics; Hagemann, Karen, "Mobilizing Women for War: The History, Historiography, and Memory of German Women’s War Service in the Two World Wars," Journal of Military History 75:3 (2011): 1055–1093; Krylova, Anna.