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Hepatitis A is an infectious disease of the liver caused by Hepatovirus A (HAV); [7] it is a type of viral hepatitis. [8] Many cases have few or no symptoms, especially in the young. [1] The time between infection and symptoms, in those who develop them, is two–six weeks. [2]
Autoimmune hepatitis, formerly known as lupoid hepatitis, plasma cell hepatitis, or autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, is a chronic, autoimmune disease of the liver that occurs when the body's immune system attacks liver cells, causing the liver to be inflamed.
Therefore, when a patient is positive for IgG antibody but negative for IgM antibody, he is considered immune from the virus via either prior infection and recovery or prior vaccination. [32] In the case of hepatitis B, blood tests exist for multiple virus antigens (which are different components of the virion particle) and antibodies. [75]
Women conversely are at higher risk for developing autoimmune disease, but are more protected from infectious disease than men. Women have a greater number of circulating antibodies than do men, [46] which has implications for their development of autoimmune disease, as well as their increased resistance to infectious disease.
Hepatology: “Toward a More Accurate Estimate of the Prevalence of Hepatitis C in the United States.” Mayo Clinic: “Hepatitis C Symptoms and Causes.” World Health Organization: “Hepatitis ...
Viral hepatitis is liver inflammation due to a viral infection. [1] [2] It may present in acute form as a recent infection with relatively rapid onset, or in chronic form, typically progressing from a long-lasting asymptomatic condition up to a decompensated hepatic disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) are autoantibodies, consisting of immunoglobulins formed against mitochondria, [1] primarily the mitochondria in cells of the liver.. The presence of AMA in the blood or serum of a person may be indicative of the presence of, or the potential to develop, the autoimmune disease primary biliary cholangitis (PBC; previously known as primary biliary cirrhosis).
Liver kidney microsomal type 1 antibody (anti-LKM1) is an autoantibody associated with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). [1] Specifically, its presence in AIH defines type 2 AIH, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] although it has been proposed that anti-liver cytosol type 1 autoantibody without detectable anti-LKM1 can be seen in type 2 AIH. [ 4 ]