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Free cooling is an economical method of using low external air temperatures to assist in chilling water, which can then be used for industrial processes, or air conditioning systems. The chilled water can either be used immediately or be stored for the short- or long-term. When outdoor temperatures are lower relative to indoor temperatures ...
Refrigeration has many applications, including household refrigerators, industrial freezers, cryogenics, and air conditioning. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Heat pumps may use the heat output of the refrigeration process, and also may be designed to be reversible, but are otherwise similar to air conditioning units.
Thermodynamic heat pump cycles or refrigeration cycles are the conceptual and mathematical models for heat pump, air conditioning and refrigeration systems. [1] A heat pump is a mechanical system that transmits heat from one location (the "source") at a certain temperature to another location (the "sink" or "heat sink") at a higher temperature. [2]
A representative pressure–volume diagram for a refrigeration cycle. Vapour-compression refrigeration or vapor-compression refrigeration system (VCRS), [1] in which the refrigerant undergoes phase changes, is one of the many refrigeration cycles and is the most widely used method for air conditioning of buildings and automobiles.
Reclamation of used refrigerant by an EPA-certified reclaimer is required in order to sell used refrigerant not originating from and intended for use with motor vehicle air conditioners and stationary equipment like air conditioners, refrigerators, central air conditioning systems (HVAC), and other cooling equipment.
The Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI), formed in 2008 by a merger of the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) and the Gas Appliance Manufacturers Association (GAMA), is a North American trade association of manufacturers of air conditioning, heating, and commercial refrigeration equipment. [1]
Subcooling is a key factor in improving the efficiency of refrigeration systems, which has led to extensive research. Systems that operate at higher pressures tend to be more efficient, and compressors used in subcooling loops are generally more efficient than those that cool the liquid refrigerant directly.
Adsorption refrigeration has been extensively researched in recent years because the technology is often noiseless, non-corrosive and environmentally friendly. [5] The heat source for adsorption refrigeration can be fossil fuel, biomass fuel, nuclear fission, geothermal energy, waste heat, or solar thermal energy. [1]