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  2. Tunnel diode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel_diode

    A tunnel diode or Esaki diode is a type of semiconductor diode that has effectively "negative resistance" due to the quantum mechanical effect called tunneling. It was invented in August 1957 by Leo Esaki and Yuriko Kurose when working at Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo, now known as Sony .

  3. Resonant-tunneling diode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonant-tunneling_diode

    A resonant-tunneling diode (RTD) is a diode with a resonant-tunneling structure in which electrons can tunnel through some resonant states at certain energy levels. The current–voltage characteristic often exhibits negative differential resistance regions. All types of tunneling diodes make use of quantum mechanical tunneling. Characteristic ...

  4. Low-noise amplifier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-noise_amplifier

    Other devices producing gain, such as tunnel diodes, may be used. Broadly speaking, two categories of transistor models are used in LNA design: Small-signal models use quasi-linear models of noise and large-signal models consider non-linear mixing. The amount of gain applied is often a compromise. On the one hand, high gain makes weak signals ...

  5. Negative resistance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_resistance

    The tunnel diode circuit (see diagram) is an example. [82] The tunnel diode TD has voltage controlled negative differential resistance. [54] The battery adds a constant voltage (bias) across the diode so it operates in its negative resistance range, and provides power to amplify the signal.

  6. Diode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode

    Gunn diodes These are similar to tunnel diodes in that they are made of materials such as GaAs or InP that exhibit a region of negative differential resistance. With appropriate biasing, dipole domains form and travel across the diode, allowing high frequency microwave oscillators to be built. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs)

  7. Backward diode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backward_diode

    In semiconductor devices, a backward diode (also called back diode [2]) is a variation on a Zener diode or tunnel diode having a better conduction for small reverse biases (for example –0.1 to –0.6 V) than for forward bias voltages. The reverse current in such a diode is by tunneling, which is also known as the tunnel effect. [3] [4] [5]

  8. Circulator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulator

    Microwave diode reflection amplifier using a circulator. A reflection amplifier is a type of microwave amplifier circuit utilizing negative differential resistance diodes such as tunnel diodes and Gunn diodes. Negative differential resistance diodes can amplify signals, and often perform better at microwave frequencies than two-port devices.

  9. Tunnel junction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel_junction

    In electronics, a tunnel junction is a barrier, such as a thin insulating layer or electric potential, between two electrically conducting materials. Electrons (or quasiparticles ) pass through the barrier by the process of quantum tunnelling .

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