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Beside the initialization work required by the environment and toolchain, crt0 can perform additional operations defined by the programmer, such as executing C++ global constructors and C functions carrying GCC's ((constructor)) attribute. [2] [3] "crt" stands for "C runtime", and the zero stands for "the very beginning".
Both Clang and the GNU Compiler Collection implement a non-standard extension to the C language to support RAII: the "cleanup" variable attribute. [16] The following annotates a variable with a given destructor function that it will call when the variable goes out of scope:
This particular use of the CRTP has been called "simulated dynamic binding" by some. [10] This pattern is used extensively in the Windows ATL and WTL libraries. To elaborate on the above example, consider a base class with no virtual functions. Whenever the base class calls another member function, it will always call its own base class functions.
C++ is also more strict in conversions to enums: ints cannot be implicitly converted to enums as in C. Also, enumeration constants (enum enumerators) are always of type int in C, whereas they are distinct types in C++ and may have a size different from that of int. [needs update] In C++ a const variable must be initialized; in C this is not ...
Clang is an exception, as it mostly supports MSVC's C++ ABI on Windows. [ 13 ] The binutils documentation has up-to-date information about its handling of various windows-specific formats and special tools for doing so.
Intrinsic functions are often used to explicitly implement vectorization and parallelization in languages which do not address such constructs. Some application programming interfaces (API), for example, AltiVec and OpenMP, use intrinsic functions to declare, respectively, vectorizable and multiprocessing-aware operations during compiling.
In C++, the name of the constructor is the name of the class. It returns nothing. It can have parameters like any member function. Constructor functions are usually declared in the public section, but can also be declared in the protected and private sections, if the user wants to restrict access to them. The constructor has two parts.
The Visual Studio and Windows SDK include the program undname which prints the C-style function prototype for a given mangled name. On Microsoft Windows, the Intel compiler [2] and Clang [3] uses the Visual C++ name mangling for compatibility.