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A 1999–2005 Australian police survey of detainees reported preliminary findings that self-reported users of benzodiazepines were less likely than non-user detainees to work full-time and more likely to receive government benefits, use methamphetamine or heroin, and be arrested or imprisoned. [225]
Librium, based on the R0 6-690 compound discovered by Sternbach in 1956, was approved for use in 1960. In 1963, its improved version, Valium, was released and became astonishingly popular: between 1969 and 1982, it was the most prescribed drug in America, with over 2.3 billion doses sold in its peak year of 1978.
In ancient Greece, pills were known as katapotia ("something to be swallowed"). Pliny the Elder, who lived from 23–79 CE, first gave a name to what we now call pills, calling them pilula. [2] Pliny also wrote Naturalis Historia a collection of 38 books and the first pharmacopoea.
Diazepam was the second benzodiazepine invented by Leo Sternbach of Hoffmann-La Roche at the company's Nutley, New Jersey, facility [120] following chlordiazepoxide (Librium), which was approved for use in 1960. Released in 1963 as an improved version of Librium, diazepam became incredibly popular, helping Roche to become a pharmaceutical ...
It was the first benzodiazepine to be synthesized and the discovery of chlordiazepoxide was by pure chance. [6] Chlordiazepoxide and other benzodiazepines were initially accepted with widespread public approval, but were followed with widespread public disapproval and recommendations for more restrictive medical guidelines for its use. [7]
Librium (chlordiazepoxide) – a benzodiazepine used to treat acute alcohol withdrawal; Lithobid, Eskalith – a mood stabilizer; Loxam (escitalopram) – an antidepressant of the SSRI class; Lunesta (eszopiclone) – a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic; Luvox (fluvoxamine) – an antidepressant of the SSRI class
Flunitrazepam, sold under the brand name Rohypnol among others, [3] is a benzodiazepine used to treat severe insomnia and assist with anesthesia. [4] As with other hypnotics, flunitrazepam has been advised to be prescribed only for short-term use or by those with chronic insomnia on an occasional basis.
Bromazepam is a "classical" benzodiazepine; other classical benzodiazepines include: diazepam, clonazepam, oxazepam, lorazepam, nitrazepam, flurazepam, and clorazepate. [16] Its molecular structure is composed of a diazepine connected to a benzene ring and a pyridine ring, the benzene ring having a single nitrogen atom that replaces one of the ...