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5-over-1 or over-1s, also known as a one-plus-five or a podium building, [1] is a type of multi-family residential building commonly found in urban areas of North America. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The mid-rise buildings are normally constructed with four or five wood-frame stories above a concrete podium, usually for retail or resident amenity space.
Plaster Line: An imaginary reference line on the playing area that indicates where the proscenium arch is. Typically, the plaster line runs across the stage at the back face (upstage face) of the proscenium wall. Portal or Proscenium Arch: An open frame on a proscenium stage that divides the audience from the stage in traditional Western theatres.
A podium (pl.: podiums or podia) is a platform used to raise something to a short distance above its surroundings. In architecture a building can rest on a large podium. [ 1 ] Podiums can also be used to raise people, for instance the conductor of an orchestra stands on a podium as do many public speakers .
Slipform stonemasonry is a method for making a reinforced concrete wall with stone facing in which stones and mortar are built up in courses within reusable slipforms. It is a cross between traditional mortared stone wall and a veneered stone wall. Short forms, up to 60 cm high, are placed on both sides of the wall to serve as a guide for the ...
A parapet fortification (known as a breastwork when temporary) is a wall of stone, wood or earth on the outer edge of a defensive wall or trench, which shelters the defenders. [7] [8] In medieval castles, they were often crenellated. In later artillery forts, parapets tend to be higher and thicker.
The chancel may be a step or two higher than the level of the nave, and the sanctuary is often raised still further. The chancel is very often separated from the nave by altar rails , or a rood screen , a sanctuary bar, or an open space, and its width and roof height is often different from that of the nave; usually the chancel will be narrower ...
The proscaenium was a wall that supported the front edge of the stage with ornately decorated niches off to the sides. The Hellenistic influence is seen through the use of the proscenium . The Roman theatre also had a podium , which sometimes supported the columns of the scaenae frons .
The Romans, following Etruscan architectural tradition, took a different approach in using a much higher stylobate that typically had steps only in the front, leading to the portico. [4] In modern architecture the stylobate is the upper part of the stepped basement of the building, or the common basement floor, combining several buildings.