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  2. Phosphoric acids and phosphates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Phosphoric_acids_and_phosphates

    The term phosphate is also used in organic chemistry for the functional groups that result when one or more of the hydrogens are replaced by bonds to other groups. These acids, together with their salts and esters , include some of the best-known compounds of phosphorus, of high importance in biochemistry , mineralogy , agriculture , pharmacy ...

  3. Phosphate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphate

    At pH 1 or lower, the phosphoric acid is practically undissociated. Around pH 4.7 (mid-way between the first two pK a values) the dihydrogen phosphate ion, [H 2 PO 4] −, is practically the only species present. Around pH 9.8 (mid-way between the second and third pK a values) the monohydrogen phosphate ion, [HPO 4] 2−, is the only species ...

  4. Phenol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenol

    Phenol is an organic compound appreciably soluble in water, with about 84.2 g dissolving in 1000 ml (0.895 M).Homogeneous mixtures of phenol and water at phenol to water mass ratios of ~2.6 and higher are possible.

  5. Phenols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenols

    The acidity of the hydroxyl group in phenols is commonly intermediate between that of aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acids (their pK a is usually between 10 and 12). Deprotonation of a phenol forms a corresponding negative phenolate ion or phenoxide ion, and the corresponding salts are called phenolates or phenoxides (aryloxides according to ...

  6. Phenyl group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenyl_group

    The bond lengths between carbon atoms in a phenyl group are approximately 1.4 Å. [6] In 1 H-NMR spectroscopy, protons of a phenyl group typically have chemical shifts around 7.27 ppm. These chemical shifts are influenced by aromatic ring current and may change depending on substituents.

  7. Nonylphenol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonylphenol

    The study also found a positive correlation between fish consumption and the concentration of nonylphenol in breast milk. [40] This is a large problem because breast milk is the main source of nourishment for newborns, who are in early stages of development where hormones are very influential.

  8. Tyrosine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine

    Aside from being a proteinogenic amino acid, tyrosine has a special role by virtue of the phenol functionality. Its hydroxy group is able to form the ester linkage, with phosphate in particular. Phosphate groups are transferred to tyrosine residues by way of protein kinases. This is one of the post-translational modifications.

  9. Phenolphthalein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenolphthalein

    The doubly deprotonated (In 2-) phenolate form (the anion form of phenol) gives the familiar pink color. In strongly basic solutions, phenolphthalein is converted to its In(OH) 3− form, and its pink color undergoes a rather slow fading reaction [ 6 ] and becomes completely colorless when pH is greater than 13.