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  2. Automatic gain control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_gain_control

    Schematic of an AGC used in the analog telephone network; the feedback from output level to gain is effected via a Vactrol resistive opto-isolator.. Automatic gain control (AGC) is a closed-loop feedback regulating circuit in an amplifier or chain of amplifiers, the purpose of which is to maintain a suitable signal amplitude at its output, despite variation of the signal amplitude at the input.

  3. Automatic generation control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_generation_control

    An electrical grid may have many types of generators and loads; generators must be controlled to maintain stable operation of the system. In an electric power system, automatic generation control (AGC) is a system for adjusting the power output of multiple generators at different power plants, in response to changes in the load.

  4. Charge pump - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_pump

    A charge pump is a kind of DC-to-DC converter that uses capacitors for energetic charge storage to raise or lower voltage. Charge-pump circuits are capable of high efficiencies, sometimes as high as 90–95%, while being electrically simple circuits.

  5. Phase detector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_detector

    The delay line avoids a dead band. On the right is a charge pump with a filter at its output. A phase detector or phase comparator is a frequency mixer, analog multiplier or logic circuit that generates a signal which represents the difference in phase between two signal inputs. The phase detector is an essential element of the phase-locked ...

  6. Delay calculation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delay_calculation

    Elmore delay [5] is a simple approximation, often used where speed of calculation is important but the delay through the wire itself cannot be ignored. It uses the R and C values of the wire segments in a simple calculation. The delay of each wire segment is the R of that segment times the downstream C. Then all delays are summed from the root.

  7. RC time constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC_time_constant

    The signal delay of a wire or other circuit, measured as group delay or phase delay or the effective propagation delay of a digital transition, may be dominated by resistive-capacitive effects, depending on the distance and other parameters, or may alternatively be dominated by inductive, wave, and speed of light effects in other realms.

  8. Bucket-brigade device - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucket-brigade_device

    Charge transfer in a three-phase charge-coupled device The concept of the bucket-brigade device led to the charge-coupled device (CCD) developed by Bell Labs for use in digital cameras. The idea of using capacitors to retain a voltage state has older origins and separately led to dynamic random-access memory , where the charges are not ...

  9. Delay insensitive circuit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delay_insensitive_circuit

    A delay-insensitive circuit is a type of asynchronous circuit which performs a digital logic operation often within a computing processor chip. Instead of using clock signals or other global control signals , the sequencing of computation in delay-insensitive circuit is determined by the data flow.