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In fire protection engineering, the K-factor formula is used to calculate the volumetric flow rate from a nozzle. Spray nozzles can for example be fire sprinklers or water mist nozzles, hose reel nozzles, water monitors and deluge fire system nozzles.
k is a conversion factor for the unit system (k = 1.318 for US customary units, k = 0.849 for SI units) C is a roughness coefficient; R is the hydraulic radius (in ft for US customary units, in m for SI units) S is the slope of the energy line (head loss per length of pipe or h f /L)
The hydraulic calculation procedure is defined in the applicable reference model codes such as that published by the US-based National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), [2] or the EN 12845 standard, Fixed firefighting system – Automatic sprinkler systems – Design, installation and maintenance.
A fire sprinkler mounted on a ceiling. A fire sprinkler or sprinkler head is the component of a fire sprinkler system that discharges water when the effects of a fire have been detected, such as when a predetermined temperature has been exceeded. Fire sprinklers are extensively used worldwide, with over 40 million sprinkler heads fitted each year.
A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection method, consisting of a water supply system providing adequate pressure and flowrate to a water distribution piping system, to which fire sprinklers are connected. Although initially used only in factories and large commercial buildings, systems for homes and small buildings are now available ...
K factor (crude oil refining), a system for classifying crude oil; K-factor (fire protection), formula used to calculate the discharge rate from a fire system nozzle; K-factor (metalurgy), formulae used to calculate the bending capacity of sheet metal; K factor (traffic engineering), the proportion of annual average daily traffic occurring in ...
A typical automatic sprinkler system operates when heat at the site of a fire causes a fusible link or glass component in the sprinkler head to fail, thereby releasing the water from the sprinkler head. [5] This means that only the sprinkler heads at the fire location actuate – not all the sprinklers on a floor or in a building.
External access point for fire sprinkler and dry standpipe at a building in San Francisco, US Antique wet standpipe preserved at Edison and Ford Winter Estates. A standpipe or riser is a type of rigid water piping which is built into multi-story buildings in a vertical position, or into bridges in a horizontal position, to which fire hoses can be connected, allowing manual application of water ...
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