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In statistics, the 68–95–99.7 rule, also known as the empirical rule, and sometimes abbreviated 3sr or 3 σ, is a shorthand used to remember the percentage of values that lie within an interval estimate in a normal distribution: approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of the values lie within one, two, and three standard deviations of the mean ...
Upper 1.5*IQR whisker = Q 3 + 1.5 * IQR = 9 + 3 = 12. (If there is no data point at 12, then the highest point less than 12.) (If there is no data point at 12, then the highest point less than 12.) Pattern of latter two bullet points: If there are no data points at the true quartiles, use data points slightly "inland" (closer to the median ...
A box plot of the data set can be generated by first calculating five relevant values of this data set: minimum, maximum, median (Q 2), first quartile (Q 1), and third quartile (Q 3). The minimum is the smallest number of the data set. In this case, the minimum recorded day temperature is 57°F. The maximum is the largest number of the data set.
For example, assume an investor had to choose between two stocks. Stock A over the past 20 years had an average return of 10 percent, with a standard deviation of 20 percentage points (pp) and Stock B, over the same period, had average returns of 12 percent but a higher standard deviation of 30 pp. On the basis of risk and return, an investor ...
Twice (two times) as many as one. doubled. 100% Three 300% Two times more than one, twice more than one, or 200% more than one, because = +. Three times as many as one. tripled. 200% Four 400% Three times more than one, or 300% more than one, because = +. Four times as many as one. quadrupled. 300% Five 500%
The growth constant k is the frequency (number of times per unit time) of growing by a factor e; in finance it is also called the logarithmic return, continuously compounded return, or force of interest. The e-folding time τ is the time it takes to grow by a factor e. The doubling time T is the time it takes to double.
The formula above can be used for more than calculating the doubling time. If one wants to know the tripling time, for example, replace the constant 2 in the numerator with 3. As another example, if one wants to know the number of periods it takes for the initial value to rise by 50%, replace the constant 2 with 1.5.
Figure 2 is used for the multiples of 2, 4, 6, and 8. These patterns can be used to memorize the multiples of any number from 0 to 10, except 5. As you would start on the number you are multiplying, when you multiply by 0, you stay on 0 (0 is external and so the arrows have no effect on 0, otherwise 0 is used as a link to create a perpetual cycle).