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Cobalt blue is a blue pigment made by sintering cobalt(II) oxide with aluminium(III) oxide (alumina) at 1200 °C. Chemically, cobalt blue pigment is cobalt(II) oxide-aluminium oxide, or cobalt(II) aluminate, CoAl 2 O 4. Cobalt blue is lighter and less intense than the (iron-cyanide based) pigment Prussian blue.
Later French headstamps mark the 1-digit Quarter of the year of production and 2-digit Year at the 12-o'clock position (e.g. Q-YY), the letter code for the metal supplier for the case at the 3-o'clock position, the cartridge caliber and model at the 6-o'clock position, and the manufacturer at the 9-o'clock position.
It combined cobalt(II) oxide with aluminum(III) oxide at 1200 °C. It was also used as colorant, particularly in blue glass and as the blue pigment used for centuries in Chinese blue and white porcelain, beginning in the late eighth or early ninth century. [18] Cobalt glass, or Smalt, is a variation of cobalt blue. It is made of ground blue ...
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From neutrals to metallics, these expert-approved hues are perfect matches for our 2025 Color of the Year. Here, the best colors to pair with cobalt blue.
However, in the presence of magnesium, cobalt can become purple or pink depending on whether it was fired in oxidation (yields purple) or reduction. Cobalt is also commonly used in black glazes and in washes as decorative medium. Common saturation percentages for low saturation range from (.25 to .5%) and in high saturation from (1 to 2%).
The shade has a fascinating history and symbolism. Here's why royals around the world love to wear cobalt blue.
Number Sample Colour name Description, examples RAL 2000: Yellow orange: RAL 2001: Red orange: RAL 2002: Blood orange: U2 line of the Berlin U-Bahn: RAL 2003: Pastel orange: U9 line of the Berlin U-Bahn; the Helsinki Metro system