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Intel 5-level paging, referred to simply as 5-level paging in Intel documents, is a processor extension for the x86-64 line of processors. [ 1 ] : 11 It extends the size of virtual addresses from 48 bits to 57 bits by adding an additional level to x86-64's multilevel page tables , increasing the addressable virtual memory from 256 TiB to 128 PiB .
In computing, Physical Address Extension (PAE), sometimes referred to as Page Address Extension, [1] is a memory management feature for the x86 architecture. PAE was first introduced by Intel in the Pentium Pro, and later by AMD in the Athlon processor. [2]
Two-level page table structure in x86 architecture (without PAE or PSE). Three-level page table structure in x86 architecture (with PAE, without PSE). The inverted page table keeps a listing of mappings installed for all frames in physical memory. However, this could be quite wasteful.
If set, each supervisor-mode linear address is associated with a protection key when 4-level or 5-level paging is in use. [16]: 2–19 25: UINTR: User Interrupts Enable: If set, enables user-mode inter-processor interrupts and their associated instructions and data structures. 63-26 — (Reserved)
In computing, protected mode, also called protected virtual address mode, [1] is an operational mode of x86-compatible central processing units (CPUs). It allows system software to use features such as segmentation, virtual memory, paging and safe multi-tasking designed to increase an operating system's control over application software.
Although the changes from non-PAE to PAE appear superficially analagous to the changes from 4- to 5-level paging, PAE was about widening the PTE format to support more bits of physical address (while keeping the virtual address width the same), while 5-level paging increases the implemented number of bits in virtual addresses and does not ...
By reducing the I/O activity caused by paging requests, virtual memory compression can produce overall performance improvements. The degree of performance improvement depends on a variety of factors, including the availability of any compression co-processors, spare bandwidth on the CPU, speed of the I/O channel, speed of the physical memory, and the compressibility of the physical memory ...
It is also helpful to use large pages in the host page tables to reduce the number of levels (e.g., in x86-64, using 2 MB pages removes one level in the page table). Since memory is typically allocated to virtual machines at coarse granularity, using large pages for guest-physical translation is an obvious optimization, reducing the depth of ...