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This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Punjabi on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Punjabi in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
Tones in Punjabi can be either rising, neutral, or falling: [6] [47] When the tonal letter is in onset positions, as in the pronunciation of the names of the Gurmukhī letters, it produces the falling tone on the syllable nucleus, indicated by a grave accent ( ̀).
No Punjabi words begin with ں, ھ, or ے. Words which begin with ڑ are exceedingly rare, but some have been documented in Shahmukhi dictionaries such as Iqbal Salahuddin's Waddi Punjabi Lughat. [16] The digraphs of aspirated consonants are as follows. In addition, ل and لؕ form ligatures with ا: لا (ـلا) and لؕا (ـلؕا).
It contains 862 large-sized, double-columned pages that provide Punjabi translations for 60,000 Hindi words. [6] The Hindi words are written using Devanagari whilst the Punjabi translations are written in Gurmukhi. [6] Hindi Words Common to Other Indian Languages: Hindi-Punjabi (Central Hindi Directorate of the Ministry of Education, Government ...
[35] [36] Among these, /f, z/, also found in English and Portuguese loanwords, are now considered well-established in Hindi; indeed, /f/ appears to be encroaching upon and replacing /pʰ/ even in native (non-Persian, non-English, non-Portuguese) Hindi words as well as many other Indian languages such as Bengali, Gujarati and Marathi, as ...
This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Hindi and Urdu on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Hindi and Urdu in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
Note that Hindi–Urdu transliteration schemes can be used for Punjabi as well, for Gurmukhi (Eastern Punjabi) to Shahmukhi (Western Punjabi) conversion, since Shahmukhi is a superset of the Urdu alphabet (with 2 extra consonants) and the Gurmukhi script can be easily converted to the Devanagari script.
For example, the Sanskrit word "Rāma" (IPA:, राम) is pronounced "Rām" (IPA:, राम्) in Hindi. The schwa sound at the end of the word is deleted in Hindi. [4] However, in both cases, the word is written राम. The schwa is not deleted in ancient languages such as Sanskrit.