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  2. Zeugma and syllepsis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeugma_and_syllepsis

    A special case of semantic syllepsis occurs when a word or phrase is used both in its figurative and literal sense at the same time. [3] Then, it is not necessary for the governing phrase to relate to two parts of the sentence. One example is in an advertisement for a transport company: "We go a long way for you."

  3. Immediate constituent analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immediate_constituent_analysis

    In linguistics, Immediate Constituent Analysis (ICA) is a syntactic theory which focuses on the hierarchical structure of sentences by isolating and identifying the constituents. While the idea of breaking down sentences into smaller components can be traced back to early psychological and linguistic theories, ICA as a formal method was ...

  4. SPL notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPL_notation

    SPL (Sentence Plan Language) is an abstract notation representing the semantics of a sentence in natural language. [1] In a classical Natural Language Generation (NLG) workflow, an initial text plan (hierarchically or sequentially organized factoids, often modelled in accordance with Rhetorical Structure Theory) is transformed by a sentence planner (generator) component to a sequence of ...

  5. Constituent (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituent_(linguistics)

    Tests for constituents are diagnostics used to identify sentence structure. There are numerous tests for constituents that are commonly used to identify the constituents of English sentences. 15 of the most commonly used tests are listed next: 1) coordination (conjunction), 2) pro-form substitution (replacement), 3) topicalization (fronting), 4) do-so-substitution, 5) one-substitution, 6 ...

  6. Phrase structure rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase_structure_rules

    They are used to break down a natural language sentence into its constituent parts, also known as syntactic categories, including both lexical categories (parts of speech) and phrasal categories. A grammar that uses phrase structure rules is a type of phrase structure grammar .

  7. Lexical analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_analysis

    Special characters, including punctuation characters, are commonly used by lexers to identify tokens because of their natural use in written and programming languages. A lexical analyzer generally does nothing with combinations of tokens, a task left for a parser. For example, a typical lexical analyzer recognizes parentheses as tokens but does ...

  8. Sentence function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_function

    The declarative sentence is the most common kind of sentence in language, in most situations, and in a way can be considered the default function of a sentence. What this means essentially is that when a language modifies a sentence in order to form a question or give a command, the base form will always be the declarative.

  9. Parsing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsing

    Since parsing is used to identify parts of speech, these sentences challenge the parsing ability of the reader. Another type of sentence that is difficult to parse is an attachment ambiguity, which includes a phrase that could potentially modify different parts of a sentence, and therefore presents a challenge in identifying syntactic ...