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  2. Quantum number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_number

    In quantum physics and chemistry, quantum numbers are quantities that characterize the possible states of the system. To fully specify the state of the electron in a hydrogen atom, four quantum numbers are needed. The traditional set of quantum numbers includes the principal, azimuthal, magnetic, and spin quantum numbers. To describe other ...

  3. Azimuthal quantum number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuthal_quantum_number

    The term "azimuthal quantum number" was introduced by Arnold Sommerfeld in 1915 [1]: II:132 as part of an ad hoc description of the energy structure of atomic spectra. . Only later with the quantum model of the atom was it understood that this number, ℓ, arises from quantization of orbital angular moment

  4. Term symbol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term_symbol

    In atomic physics, a term symbol is an abbreviated description of the total spin and orbital angular momentum quantum numbers of the electrons in a multi-electron atom.So while the word symbol suggests otherwise, it represents an actual value of a physical quantity.

  5. Atomic orbital - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_orbital

    Each orbital in an atom is characterized by a set of values of three quantum numbers n, ℓ, and m ℓ, which respectively correspond to electron's energy, its orbital angular momentum, and its orbital angular momentum projected along a chosen axis (magnetic quantum number). The orbitals with a well-defined magnetic quantum number are generally ...

  6. Magnetic quantum number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_quantum_number

    In atomic physics, a magnetic quantum number is a quantum number used to distinguish quantum states of an electron or other particle according to its angular momentum along a given axis in space. The orbital magnetic quantum number ( m l or m [ a ] ) distinguishes the orbitals available within a given subshell of an atom.

  7. Angular momentum operator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_momentum_operator

    The classical definition of angular momentum is =.The quantum-mechanical counterparts of these objects share the same relationship: = where r is the quantum position operator, p is the quantum momentum operator, × is cross product, and L is the orbital angular momentum operator.

  8. Multiplicity (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicity_(chemistry)

    The triplet consists of three states with spin components +1, 0 and –1 along the direction of the total orbital angular momentum, which is also 1 as indicated by the letter P. The total angular momentum quantum number J can vary from L+S = 2 to L–S = 0 in integer steps, so that J = 2, 1 or 0. [1] [2]

  9. List of equations in quantum mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_equations_in...

    j = total angular momentum quantum number; m j = total angular momentum magnetic quantum number; Spin: ...