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The muscular system is an organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. It permits movement of the body, maintains posture, and circulates blood throughout the body. [ 1 ] The muscular systems in vertebrates are controlled through the nervous system although some muscles (such as the cardiac muscle ) can be completely autonomous.
An accessory muscle can also refer to a muscle that is not primarily responsible for movement but does provide assistance. [1] Examples of such muscles are the accessory muscles of respiration where the sternocleidomastoid and the scalene muscles (anterior, middle and posterior scalene) are typically considered accessory muscles of respiration. [6]
The human musculoskeletal system is made up of the bones of the skeleton, muscles, cartilage, [1] tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue that supports and binds tissues and organs together. The musculoskeletal system's primary functions include supporting the body, allowing motion, and protecting vital organs. [2]
Organ sub-systems A biological system consisting of a group of organs that work together to perform just one function. Body parts Somewhat arbitrarily defined sections on the body based on what humans have historically thought was one thing with a primary function. Organs: A collection of tissues that structurally form a functional unit ...
The muscular system in vertebrates consists of three different types of muscles: cardiac, skeletal and smooth. Cardiac muscle is a striated muscle that makes up the heart. It is the only type of muscle consisting of branching fibers. Skeletal muscle consists of voluntary muscles attached to the frame of the skeletal system enabling bodily movement.
Following contraction, skeletal muscle functions as an endocrine organ by secreting myokines – a wide range of cytokines and other peptides that act as signalling molecules. [62] Myokines in turn are believed to mediate the health benefits of exercise. [63] Myokines are secreted into the bloodstream after muscle contraction.
Human anatomy is the scientific study of the morphology of the adult human. It is subdivided into gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy . Gross anatomy (also called topographical anatomy, regional anatomy, or anthropotomy) is the study of anatomical structures that can be seen by unaided vision.
The body mass of an average adult man is made up of 42% of skeletal muscle, and an average adult woman is made up of 36%. [6] Cardiac muscle tissue is found only in the walls of the heart as myocardium, and it is an involuntary muscle controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Cardiac muscle tissue is striated like skeletal muscle, containing ...
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