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Dexmedetomidine, sold under the brand name Precedex among others, is a medication used for sedation. [4] Veterinarians use dexmedetomidine for similar purposes in treating cats, dogs, and horses. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] It is also used in humans to treat acute agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder . [ 5 ]
Medetomidine is a racemic mixture of two optical or stereoisomers, levomedetomidine and dexmedetomidine. [4] The latter causes the alpha 2- adrenergic agonist effects. [5] It is often used as the hydrochloride salt, medetomidine hydrochloride, a crystalline white solid that can be administered as an intravenous drug solution with sterile water.
They are mainly used in research, having found limited clinical application in human medicine. They are extensively used in veterinary medicine to reverse the effects of alpha-2 agonist drugs used as sedatives, like xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine. Alpha-2 blockers increase noradrenaline release.
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Atipamezole is a veterinary drug whose prime purpose is to reverse the effects of the sedative dexmedetomidine (as well as its racemic mixture, medetomidine). [note 1] [9] [10] It can also be used to reverse the related sedative xylazine. [11]
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As of 1998, the α 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist atipamezole was used to reverse the effects of xylazine or the related drug dexmedetomidine in veterinary medicine, [52] but this is not an approved medical treatment for humans, despite Phase I clinical trials in 2005. [53]
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