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Cutting speed may be defined as the rate at the workpiece surface, irrespective of the machining operation used. A cutting speed for mild steel of 100 ft/min is the same whether it is the speed of the cutter passing over the workpiece, such as in a turning operation, or the speed of the cutter moving past a workpiece, such as in a milling operation.
For example, a torque multiplier with a rating of 3:1 will turn its output shaft with three times the torque, but at one third the speed, of the input shaft. However, due to friction and other inefficiencies in the mechanism, the output torque is slightly lower than the theoretical output.
The comptometer-type calculator was the first machine to receive an all-electronic calculator engine in 1961 (the ANITA mark VII released by Sumlock comptometer of the UK). In 1890 W. T. Odhner got the rights to manufacture his calculator back from Königsberger & C , which had held them since it was first patented in 1878, but had not really ...
The ratio of the output to the applied force is called the mechanical advantage. Simple machines can be regarded as the elementary "building blocks" of which all more complicated machines (sometimes called "compound machines" [6] [7]) are composed. [2] [8] For example, wheels, levers, and pulleys are all used in the mechanism of a bicycle.
All but the earliest machines had high-speed mechanical feeders to process cards at rates from around 100 to 2,000 per minute, sensing punched holes with mechanical, electrical, or, later, optical sensors. The operation of many machines was directed by the use of a removable plugboard, control panel, or connection box.
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A leadscrew (or lead screw), also known as a power screw [1] or translation screw, [2] is a screw used as a linkage in a machine, to translate turning motion into linear motion. Because of the large area of sliding contact between their male and female members, screw threads have larger frictional energy losses compared to other linkages.
An equivalent problem is scheduling when machines are available in different times: each machine i becomes available at some time t i ≥ 0 (the time t i can be thought of as the length of the kernel job). A simple heuristic algorithm, called SLPT, [23] assigns each kernel to a different subset, and then runs the LPT algorithm.