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  2. Ex post facto law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex_post_facto_law

    Retroactive application of law is prohibited by the Article 3 of the Polish civil code, and the legal rule prohibiting such retroactive application is commonly memorised as a Latin sentence Lex retro non agit ("A law does not apply retroactively"). The said article, however, allows retroactive application of an Act of Parliament if it is ...

  3. Non-retroactivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-retroactivity

    The principle of non-retroactivity is widely recognized for international laws such as treaties, [1] although treaties can have retroactive effect if the parties so intend. [2] It is also widely recognized in criminal law, at least to the extent of prohibiting criminal sanctions that were not in place at the time of the crime.

  4. Rule against perpetuities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_against_perpetuities

    The rule against perpetuities serves a number of purposes. First, English courts have long recognized that allowing owners to attach long-lasting contingencies to their property harms the ability of future generations to freely buy and sell the property, since few people would be willing to buy property that had unresolved issues regarding its ownership hanging over it.

  5. List of Latin legal terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Latin_legal_terms

    ex post facto law: A retroactive law. E.g. a law that makes illegal an act that was not illegal when it was done. ex proprio motu: by [one's] own motion Commonly spoken as "by one's own accord." ex rel [arising] out of the narration [of the relator] Abbreviation of ex relatione. Used when the government brings a case that arises from the ...

  6. List of grandfather clauses - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_grandfather_clauses

    Many jurisdictions prohibit ex post facto laws, and grandfather clauses can be used to prevent a law from having retroactive effects. For example: In the UK, the offence of indecent assault is still charged in respect of crimes committed before the offence was abolished and replaced with sexual assault (among others) by the Sexual Offences Act ...

  7. Property law in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property_law_in_the_United...

    Property law in the United States is the area of law that governs the various forms of ownership in real property (land and buildings) and personal property, including intangible property such as intellectual property. Property refers to legally protected claims to resources, such as land and personal property. [1]

  8. Real estate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_estate

    Real estate is property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as growing crops (e.g. timber), minerals or water, and wild animals; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this (also) an item of real property, (more generally) buildings or housing in general.

  9. Property law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property_law

    Property law is characterised by a great deal of historical continuity and technical terminology. The basic distinction in common law systems is between real property (land) and personal property (chattels). Before the mid-19th century, the principles governing the transfer of real property and personal property on an intestacy were quite ...