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The Codex Sinaiticus (/ s ɪ ˈ n aɪ t ɪ k ə s /; [1] Shelfmark: London, British Library, Add MS 43725), also called the Sinai Bible, is a fourth-century Christian manuscript of a Greek Bible, containing the majority of the Greek Old Testament, including the deuterocanonical books, and the Greek New Testament, with both the Epistle of Barnabas and the Shepherd of Hermas included.
The oldest text of the entire Christian Bible, including the New Testament, is the Codex Sinaiticus dating from the 4th century CE, with its Old Testament a copy of a Greek translation known as the Septuagint. The oldest extant manuscripts of the vocalized Masoretic Text date to the 9th century CE. [1]
The Leningrad Codex (Latin: Codex Leningradensis [Leningrad Book]; Hebrew: כתב יד ×œ× ×™× ×’×¨×“) is the oldest known complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible in Hebrew, using the Masoretic Text and Tiberian vocalization. According to its colophon, it was made in Cairo in AD 1008 (or possibly 1009). [1]
Page from Codex Sinaiticus with text of Matthew 6:4–32 Alexandrinus – Table of κεφάλαια (table of contents) to the Gospel of Mark. The great uncial codices or four great uncials are the only remaining uncial codices that contain (or originally contained) the entire text of the Bible (Old and New Testament) in Greek.
A New Testament papyrus is a copy of a portion of the New Testament made on papyrus. To date, over 140 such papyri are known. In general, they are considered the earliest witnesses to the original text of the New Testament. [1] This elite status among New Testament manuscripts only began in the 20th century.
The oldest complete copy still in existence is the Leningrad Codex dating to c. 1000 CE. [36] The Samaritan Pentateuch is a version of the Torah maintained by the Samaritan community since antiquity, which European scholars rediscovered in the 17th century; its oldest existing copies date to c. 1100 CE. [37]
The copy of the Gutenberg Bible held at the Bibliothèque nationale de France. The Gutenberg Bible, also known as the 42-line Bible, the Mazarin Bible or the B42, was the earliest major book printed in Europe using mass-produced metal movable type. It marked the start of the "Gutenberg Revolution" and the age of printed books in the West.
The largest organized collection of Hebrew Old Testament manuscripts in the world is housed in the Russian National Library ("Second Firkovitch Collection") in Saint Petersburg. [4] The Leningrad/Petrograd Codex (c. 1008-1010) is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible in Hebrew. The Leningrad/Petrograd codex is the manuscript upon ...
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