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[citation needed] The first taxes in Australia were raised to help pay for the completion of Sydney's first jail and provide for the orphans of the colony. Import duties were put on spirits, wine and beer and later on luxury goods. [citation needed] After 1824 the Government of New South Wales raised extra revenue from customs and excise duties.
Income tax in Australia is imposed by the federal government on the taxable income of individuals and corporations. State governments have not imposed income taxes since World War II . On individuals, income tax is levied at progressive rates , and at one of two rates for corporations.
The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) is an Australian statutory agency and the principal revenue collection body for the Australian Government. The ATO has responsibility for administering the Australian federal taxation system , superannuation legislation, and other associated matters.
Australian tax returns for the tax year beginning 1 July and ending 30 June of the following year are generally due on 31 October after the end of the tax year. [ 1 ] Australian individual taxpayers can file their return online with the ATO's myTax software, by ordering a printed copy of the tax return form, or with the assistance of a tax agent.
The constitutional basis of taxation in Australia is predominantly found in sections 51(ii), [1] 90, [2] 53, [3] 55, [4] and 96, [5] of the Constitution of Australia. Their interpretation by the High Court of Australia has been integral to the functioning and evolution of federalism in Australia .
Each portfolio is led by one or more government ministers who are members of the federal parliament, appointed by the governor-general on the advice of the prime minister. [1] As of December 2023, there are 1,334 government entities reportable to the Australian Government Organisations Register. This includes: [2] [3]
The Department of Finance is a department of the Government of Australia that is charged with the responsibility of assisting the government across a wide range of policy areas to ensure its outcomes are met, particularly with regard to expenditure, financial management, and the operations of government.
A capital gains tax (CGT) was introduced in Australia on 20 September 1985, one of a number of tax reforms by the Hawke/Keating government. The CGT applied only to assets acquired on or after that date, with gains (or losses) on assets owned on that date, called pre-CGT assets, not being subject to the CGT.