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2. Time dilation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_dilation

   In the context of special relativity it was shown by Albert Einstein (1905) that this effect concerns the nature of time itself, and he was also the first to point out its reciprocity or symmetry. [7] Subsequently, Hermann Minkowski (1907) introduced the concept of proper time which further clarified the meaning of time dilation. [8]

3. Gravitational time dilation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_time_dilation

   Gravitational time dilation has been experimentally measured using atomic clocks on airplanes, such as the Hafele–Keating experiment. The clocks aboard the airplanes were slightly faster than clocks on the ground. The effect is significant enough that the Global Positioning System's artificial satellites need to have their clocks corrected. [13]

4. Experimental testing of time dilation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_testing_of...

   By measuring their kinetic energy, mean muon velocities between 0.995 c and 0.9954 c were determined. Another measurement was taken in Cambridge, Massachusetts at sea-level. The time the muons need from 1917m to 0m should be about 6.4 μs. Assuming a mean lifetime of 2.2 μs, only 27 muons would reach this location if there were no time dilation.

5. Twin paradox - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_paradox

   This combines the effects of time dilation due to motion (by factor α = 0.6, five years on Earth are 3 years on ship) and the effect of increasing light-time-delay (which grows from 0 to 4 years). Of course, the observed frequency of the transmission is also 1 ⁄ 3 the frequency of the transmitter (a reduction in frequency; "red-shifted").

6. Speed - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed

   The average speed of an object in an interval of time is the distance travelled by the object divided by the duration of the interval; [2] the instantaneous speed is the limit of the average speed as the duration of the time interval approaches zero. Speed is the magnitude of velocity (a vector), which indicates additionally the direction of ...

7. Brachistochrone curve - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachistochrone_curve

   The curve of fastest descent is not a straight or polygonal line (blue) but a cycloid (red).. In physics and mathematics, a brachistochrone curve (from Ancient Greek βράχιστος χρόνος (brákhistos khrónos) ' shortest time '), [1] or curve of fastest descent, is the one lying on the plane between a point A and a lower point B, where B is not directly below A, on which a bead ...