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Tūī on New Zealand flax. Phormium tenax (called flax in New Zealand English; harakeke in Māori; New Zealand flax [1] [2] outside New Zealand; and New Zealand hemp [1] in historical nautical contexts) is an evergreen perennial plant native to New Zealand and Norfolk Island that is an important fibre plant and a popular ornamental plant. [3]
New Zealand flax describes the common New Zealand perennial plants Phormium tenax and Phormium colensoi, known by the Māori names harakeke and wharariki respectively. Although given the common name 'flax' they are quite distinct from the Northern Hemisphere plant known as flax ( Linum usitatissimum ) .
Phormium is a genus of two plant species in the family Asphodelaceae.One species is endemic to New Zealand and the other is native to New Zealand and Norfolk Island. [1] The two species are widely known in New Zealand as flax or their Māori names wharariki and harakeke respectively, and elsewhere as New Zealand flax or flax lily, but they are not closely related to the Northern Hemisphere's ...
Phormium colensoi (syn. Phormium cookianum – see below), also called mountain flax, or wharariki in Māori, is a perennial plant that is endemic to New Zealand. [5] The greenish, yellow or orange flowers are followed by twisted seed pods. [5] It is less common than the other Phormium species, P. tenax or harakeke.
The plant species is known only as a cultivated plant [2] and appears to have been domesticated just once from the wild species Linum bienne, called pale flax. [3] The plants called "flax" in New Zealand are, by contrast, members of the genus Phormium.
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The flora of the Chatham Islands consists of around 388 terrestrial plant species, of which 47 are endemic. [1] The Chatham Islands make up the Chatham floristic province of the Neozeylandic Region of the Antarctic Kingdom. The flora of the Chatham Islands include: Phormium chathams (Chatham Island flax)
The bark of other plants such as houhi (Hoheria angustifolia) manatu (Plagianthus regius), autetaranga (Pimelea villosa) and houi (Hoheria glabrata or Hoheria lyallii) have been used in traditional textiles such as fishing nets. [12] The prepared fibre of the New Zealand flax (Phormium tenax) became the basis of most clothing. The flax leaves ...