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Lahnda (/ ˈ l ɑː n d ə /; [1] لہندا, Punjabi pronunciation: [lɛ˦n.d̪äː]), also known as Lahndi or Western Punjabi, [2] is a group of north-western Indo-Aryan language varieties spoken in parts of Pakistan and India.
Often in literature, Pakistani Punjabi (written in Shahmukhi) is referred as Western-Punjabi (or West-Punjabi) and Indian Punjabi (written in Gurmukhi) is referred as Eastern-Punjabi (or East-Punjabi), although the underlying language is the same with a very slight shift in vocabulary towards Islamic and Sikh words respectively.
Western Punjabi may refer to: Lahnda, also known as Western Punjabi, a linguistically defined group of Punjabi dialects primarily found in Western Punjab; the group of all the Punjabi varieties, whether Lahnda or not, that are spoken in Pakistan; the form of the standard Punjabi language in Pakistan (ISO 639-3: pnb)
The linguist George Abraham Grierson in his multi volume Linguistic Survey of India (1904–1928) considered the various dialects up to then called "Western Punjabi", spoken in North, West, and South of Lahore in what is now Pakistani Punjab, as constituting instead a distinct language from Punjabi. (The local dialect of Lahore is the Majhi ...
Jatki, Jadgali, and other related terms have sometimes been used to refer to one or another of the Indo-Aryan languages spoken in Balochistan and neighbouring parts of Sindh and Punjab. Jatki (جٹکی, Lahnda pronunciation: [ˈd͡ʒə.ʈə̆.kiː]) is a name of a dialect group of Western Punjabi.
Its name is derived from the former Shahpur District. Grierson (1919) considered Shahpuri to be representative of Lahnda (Western Punjabi), but later opinions by Shackle (1976) and Masica (1991) have re-classified it as a general dialect of Punjabi, with certain Saraiki features.
Punjabi may also be considered as a pluricentric language with more than one standard variety. [9] Map of dialects of Punjabi dialects and languages. Punjabi is a language spoken primarily in the Punjab region, which is divided between India and Pakistan. It is also spoken by Punjabi diaspora communities around the world.
Baahar di boli (Punjabi: ਬਾਹਰ ਦੀ ਬੋਲੀ, باہر دی بولی) or Diasporic Punjabi literally means language from outside. In this context, it refers to the manner in which Punjabi is spoken outside of India and Pakistan .