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Benzyl alcohol has low acute toxicity with an LD 50 of 1.2 g/kg in rats. [5] It oxidizes rapidly in healthy individuals to benzoic acid, conjugated with glycine in the liver, and excreted as hippuric acid. Very high concentrations can result in toxic effects including respiratory failure, vasodilation, hypotension, convulsions, and paralysis.
In toxicology, the median lethal dose, LD 50 (abbreviation for "lethal dose, 50%"), LC 50 (lethal concentration, 50%) or LCt 50 is a toxic unit that measures the lethal dose of a given substance. [1] The value of LD 50 for a substance is the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration.
The intravenous dose causing 50% of opioid-naive experimental subjects to die (LD 50) is "3 mg/kg in rats, 1 mg/kg in cats, 14 mg/kg in dogs, and 0.03 mg/kg in monkeys." [ 97 ] The LD 50 in mice has been given as 6.9 mg/kg by intravenous administration, 17.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally, 27.8 mg/kg by oral administration. [ 98 ]
The coupling of chromatography with MS is a well developed chemical analysis strategy dating back from the 1950s. Gas chromatography (GC)–MS was originally introduced in 1952, when A. T. James and A. J. P. Martin were trying to develop tandem separation – mass analysis techniques. [9]
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS [1] or PFASs [2]) are a group of synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain; there are 7 million such chemicals according to PubChem. [3]
A study was conducted using adult female Gobiocypris rarus, a rare minnow. The fish were exposed to 5 μg/L, 15μg/L and 50 μg/L of BPA for 14 days and 35 days. [117] The results showed the group exposed to the highest amount of BPA (50 μg/L) for 35 days showed suppressed effects on oocyte development. [117]
The formation of methylene blue after the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine and iron(III) at pH 0.4 – 0.7 is used to determine by photometric measurements sulfide concentration in the range 0.020 to 1.50 mg/L (20 ppb to 1.5 ppm). [62]
Free and open-source software portal; KDE Software Compilation 4 (KDE SC 4) was the only series of the so-called KDE Software Compilation (KDE SC), first released in January 2008.
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