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  2. Electrochemical potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_potential

    In electrochemistry, the electrochemical potential of electrons (or any other species) is the total potential, including both the (internal, nonelectrical) chemical potential and the electric potential, and is by definition constant across a device in equilibrium, whereas the chemical potential of electrons is equal to the electrochemical ...

  3. Galvani potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvani_potential

    Galvani potential , Volta potential and surface potential in one phase. The corresponding potential differences computed between two phases. In electrochemistry, the Galvani potential (also called Galvani potential difference, or inner potential difference, Δφ, delta phi) is the electric potential difference between two points in the bulk of two phases. [1]

  4. Chemical potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_potential

    The electrochemical potential ... The definition of chemical potential ... it is seen that the Mulliken chemical potential is a finite difference ...

  5. Electrochemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemistry

    When a chemical reaction is driven by an electrical potential difference, as in electrolysis, or if a potential difference results from a chemical reaction as in an electric battery or fuel cell, it is called an electrochemical reaction. Unlike in other chemical reactions, in electrochemical reactions electrons are not transferred directly ...

  6. Electrochemical gradient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_gradient

    An electrochemical gradient is a gradient of electrochemical potential, usually for an ion that can move across a membrane. The gradient consists of two parts: The chemical gradient, or difference in solute concentration across a membrane. The electrical gradient, or difference in charge across a membrane.

  7. Electric potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential

    When a voltmeter is connected between two different types of metal, it measures the potential difference corrected for the different atomic environments. [6] The quantity measured by a voltmeter is called electrochemical potential or fermi level, while the pure unadjusted electric potential, V, is sometimes called the Galvani potential, ϕ.

  8. Electrode potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrode_potential

    To avoid possible ambiguities, the electrode potential thus defined can also be referred to as Gibbs–Stockholm electrode potential. In both conventions, the standard hydrogen electrode is defined to have a potential of 0 V. Both conventions also agree on the sign of E for a half-cell reaction when it is written as a reduction.

  9. Overpotential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overpotential

    The potential difference is caused by differences in the concentration of charge-carriers between bulk solution and the electrode surface. It occurs when electrochemical reaction is sufficiently rapid to lower the surface concentration of the charge-carriers below that of bulk solution.