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Allan Paivio's dual-coding theory is a basis of picture superiority effect. Paivio claims that pictures have advantages over words with regards to coding and retrieval of stored memory because pictures are coded more easily and can be retrieved from symbolic mode, while the dual coding process using words is more difficult for both coding and retrieval.
Visual thinking has been described as seeing words as a series of pictures. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is common in approximately 60–65% of the general population. [ 1 ] " Real picture thinkers", those who use visual thinking almost to the exclusion of other kinds of thinking, make up a smaller percentage of the population.
The national norms of the PPVT-III were extended to include ages 2 years and 6 months through 90+ years of age. The PPVT-IV was developed from adult norms obtained on 828 persons ages 19 to 40 selected to be nationally representative of geographical regions and major occupational groups. No people with handicaps were included in the norm ...
Reading Pictures is the study of photographs as reflections of the makers' personal, subjective experiences. [6] Morgovsky, a pioneer in Reading Pictures, established six fundamental mindsets needed for Reading Pictures: [6] [20] Overcoming The Illusion of Reality (OTIR): Understand that photographs are 2D representations, rather than reality ...
Image codes are things like thinking of a picture of a dog when you are thinking of a dog, whereas a verbal code would be to think of the word "dog". [31] Another example is the difference between thinking of abstract words such as justice or love and thinking of concrete words like elephant or chair.
The position of letters in words and the position of suffix morphemes have an influence on word identification, letter detection, and the missing letter effect in texts. [20] [21] [22] The letters at the start and end of words, or the first and last letter of a word, contribute to how people read and recognize words. [21]
Social perception (or interpersonal perception) is the study of how people form impressions of and make inferences about other people as sovereign personalities. [1] Social perception refers to identifying and utilizing social cues to make judgments about social roles, rules, relationships, context, or the characteristics (e.g., trustworthiness) of others.
Rapid automatized naming (RAN) is a task that measures how quickly individuals can name aloud objects, pictures, colors, or symbols (letters or digits). Variations in rapid automatized naming time in children provide a strong predictor of their later ability to read, and is independent from other predictors such as phonological awareness, verbal IQ, and existing reading skills. [1]