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The flat symbol, ♭, is a stylised lowercase b, derived from Italian be molle for "soft B" and German blatt for "planar, dull". It indicates that the note to which it is applied is played one semitone lower, or in modern tuning exactly 100 cents.
Notes that are shown as sharp or flat in a key signature will be played that way in every octave—e.g., a key signature with a B ♭ indicates that every B is played as a B ♭. A key signature indicates the prevailing key of the music and eliminates the need to use accidentals for the notes that are always flat or sharp in that key. A key ...
Notes that do not meet that criterion are called chromatic notes or accidentals. Accidental symbols visually communicate a modification of a note's pitch from its tonal context. Most commonly, [note 2] the sharp symbol (♯) raises a note by a half step, while the flat symbol (♭) lowers a note by a half step.
These alterations apply to the note as if it were a "natural", regardless of the key signature (see the F in measure 2 of the Chopin example below). If a note with a double sharp or double flat is followed by a note in the same position with a single sharp or single flat, there are two common notations. Modern notation simply uses a single flat ...
A ♭ (A-flat; also called la bémol) is the ninth semitone of the solfège. It lies a diatonic semitone above G and a chromatic semitone below A , thus being enharmonic to G ♯ , even though in some musical tunings , A ♭ will have a different sounding pitch than G ♯ .
B Flat notes. B ♭ (B-flat), or, in some European countries, B, is the eleventh step of the Western chromatic scale (starting from C).It lies a diatonic semitone above A and a chromatic semitone below B, [1] thus being enharmonic to A ♯, even though in some musical tunings, B ♭ will have a different sounding pitch than A ♯.
In music, letter notation is a system of representing a set of pitches, for example, the notes of a scale, by letters. For the complete Western diatonic scale, for example, these would be the letters A-G, possibly with a trailing symbol to indicate a half-step raise (sharp, ♯) or a half-step lowering (flat, ♭). This is the most common way ...
In all major scales with flat key signatures, the tonic in a major key is a perfect fourth below the last flat. When there is more than one flat, the tonic is the note of the second-to-last flat in the signature. [11] In the major key with four flats (B ♭ E ♭ A ♭ D ♭), for example, the second to last flat is A ♭, indicating a key of A ...