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Phenomenology or phenomenological psychology, a sub-discipline of psychology, is the scientific study of subjective experiences. [1] It is an approach to psychological subject matter that attempts to explain experiences from the point of view of the subject via the analysis of their written or spoken words. [2]
Some approaches to the naturalization of phenomenology reduce consciousness to the physical-neuronal level and are therefore not widely acknowledged as representing phenomenology. These include the frameworks of neurophenomenology , embodied constructivism , and the cognitive neuroscience of phenomenology.
The descriptive phenomenological method in psychology [1] [2] was developed by the American psychologist Amedeo Giorgi in the early 1970s. Giorgi based his method on principles laid out by philosophers like Edmund Husserl and Maurice Merleau-Ponty as well as what he had learned from his prior professional experience in psychophysics. [3]
Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is a qualitative form of psychology research. IPA has an idiographic focus, which means that instead of producing generalization findings, it aims to offer insights into how a given person, in a given context, makes sense of a given situation .
Phenomenological description is a method of phenomenology that attempts to depict the structure of first person lived experience, rather than theoretically explain it. [1] This method was first conceived of by Edmund Husserl .
Phenomenology within sociology, or phenomenological sociology, examines the concept of social reality (German: Lebenswelt or "Lifeworld") as a product of intersubjectivity. Phenomenology analyses social reality in order to explain the formation and nature of social institutions. [ 1 ]
Giorgi has lectured on phenomenological psychology in Europe, Asia, Latin America, Australia and South Africa. He is the founder and original editor (for over 25 years) of the Journal of Phenomenological Psychology and is author of the classic text 'Psychology as a Human Science: A Phenomenologically based Approach' (New York: Harper & Row, 1970).
It has also impacted architectural theory, especially in the phenomenological and Heideggerian approaches to space, place, dwelling, technology, etc. [12] In literary theory and criticism, Robert Magliola's Phenomenology and Literature: An Introduction (Purdue UP, 1977; rpt. 1978) was the first book [13] to explain to Anglophonic academics ...