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C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation. It is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-6 secretion by macrophages and T cells .
In contrast, C-reactive protein (with a half-life of 6–8 hours) rises rapidly and can quickly return to within the normal range if treatment is employed. For example, in active systemic lupus erythematosus, one may find a raised ESR but normal C-reactive protein. [citation needed] They may also indicate liver failure. [11]
It is also one of the binding targets of C-reactive protein (CRP). [3] Thus, when a cell is damaged, CRP binds to phosphocholine, beginning the recognition and phagocytotic immunologic response. Phosphocholine is a natural constituent of hens' eggs (and many other eggs) often used in biomimetic membrane studies. [4] [5]
C-reactive protein, an acute phase protein produced by the liver; cAMP receptor protein (catabolite gene activator protein) Cysteine-rich protein, a class of small proteins; Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers; Chinese restaurant process, in probability theory; Chronic relapsing polyneuropathy, an acquired disorder of the nervous system
In addition, low-grade chronic inflammation, as indicated by levels of the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein, prospectively defines risk of atherosclerotic complications, thus adding to prognostic information provided by traditional risk factors, such as LDL levels. [34] [33]
The cytokine Interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein are common inflammatory markers used to diagnose systemic inflammation risk. [3] Baseline C-reactive protein levels deviate due to natural genetic variation, but significant increases can result from risk factors such as smoking, obesity, lifestyle, and high blood pressure. [3]
C-reactive protein is expressed during the acute phase response to tissue injury or inflammation in mammals. The protein resembles antibody and performs several functions associated with host defence: it promotes agglutination, bacterial capsular swelling and phagocytosis, and activates the classical complement pathway through its calcium-dependent binding to phosphocholine. [4]
A normal C-reactive protein can be used to exclude elevated ferritin caused by acute phase reactions. [citation needed] Ferritin has been shown to be elevated in some cases of COVID-19 and may correlate with worse clinical outcome. [41] [42] Ferritin and IL-6 are considered to be possible immunological biomarkers for severe and fatal cases of ...