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In thermodynamics, dissipation is the result of an irreversible process that affects a thermodynamic system. In a dissipative process, energy ( internal , bulk flow kinetic , or system potential ) transforms from an initial form to a final form, where the capacity of the final form to do thermodynamic work is less than that of the initial form.
In physics, the dissipation factor (DF) is a measure of loss-rate of energy of a mode of oscillation (mechanical, electrical, or electromechanical) in a dissipative system. It is the reciprocal of quality factor , which represents the "quality" or durability of oscillation.
Dissipation is the frictional conversion of mechanical energy to thermal energy. The dissipation rate, , may be written down in terms of the fluctuating rates of strain in the turbulent flow and the fluid's kinematic viscosity, v. It has dimensions of energy per unit mass per second.
The fluctuation–dissipation theorem (FDT) or fluctuation–dissipation relation (FDR) is a powerful tool in statistical physics for predicting the behavior of systems that obey detailed balance.
In electrical engineering, dielectric loss quantifies a dielectric material's inherent dissipation of electromagnetic energy (e.g. heat). [1] It can be parameterized in terms of either the loss angle δ or the corresponding loss tangent tan(δ).
The viscous dissipation function governs the rate at which the mechanical energy of the flow is converted to heat. The second law of thermodynamics requires that the dissipation term is always positive: viscosity cannot create energy within the control volume. [4] The expression on the left side is a material derivative.
This process of production, transport and dissipation can be expressed as: + ′ =, where: [1] is the mean-flow material derivative of TKE; ∇ · T′ is the turbulence transport of TKE; P is the production of TKE, and
Quantum dissipation is the branch of physics that studies the quantum analogues of the process of irreversible loss of energy observed at the classical level. Its main purpose is to derive the laws of classical dissipation from the framework of quantum mechanics .