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2. Focus (linguistics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focus_(linguistics)

   In linguistics, focus (abbreviated FOC) is a grammatical category that conveys which part of the sentence contributes new, non-derivable, or contrastive information. In the English sentence "Mary only insulted BILL", focus is expressed prosodically by a pitch accent on "Bill" which identifies him as the only person whom Mary insulted.

3. Topic and comment - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topic_and_comment

   In English it is also possible to use other sentence structures to show the topic of the sentence, as in the following: As for the little girl, the dog bit her. It was the little girl that the dog bit. The case of expletives is sometimes rather complex. Consider sentences with expletives (meaningless subjects), like: It is raining.

4. Cleft sentence - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleft_sentence

   A cleft sentence is a complex sentence (one having a main clause and a dependent clause) that has a meaning that could be expressed by a simple sentence. Clefts typically put a particular constituent into focus. In spoken language, this focusing is often accompanied by a special intonation. In English, a cleft sentence can be constructed as ...

5. Topicalization - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topicalization

   Topicalization is a mechanism of syntax that establishes an expression as the sentence or clause topic by having it appear at the front of the sentence or clause (as opposed to in a canonical position later in the sentence). This involves a phrasal movement of determiners, prepositions, and verbs to sentence-initial position. [1]

6. Grammaticality - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammaticality

   In linguistics, grammaticality is determined by the conformity to language usage as derived by the grammar of a particular speech variety.The notion of grammaticality rose alongside the theory of generative grammar, the goal of which is to formulate rules that define well-formed, grammatical sentences.

7. Syntactic Structures - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntactic_Structures

   The grammar model discussed in Noam Chomsky's Syntactic Structures (1957) Chomsky's transformational grammar has three parts: phrase structure rules, transformational rules and morphophonemic rules. [68] The phrase structure rules are used for expanding lexical categories and for substitutions. These yield a string of morphemes. A ...

8. 7 Alternatives to Chemotherapy for Lymphoma in Dogs - AOL

   www.aol.com/7-alternatives-chemotherapy-lymphoma...

   1. Ketogenic Diet. Cancer cells rely on glucose for energy to grow. The ketogenic diet is a way to provide an alternative energy source to normal cells in the dog's body while starving the cancer ...

9. Generalized phrase structure grammar - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_Phrase...

   Generalized phrase structure grammar (GPSG) is a framework for describing the syntax and semantics of natural languages. It is a type of constraint-based phrase structure grammar . Constraint based grammars are based around defining certain syntactic processes as ungrammatical for a given language and assuming everything not thus dismissed is ...